درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: To compare the production criteria of tactile sensory books from the perspective of production experts Methodology: The method of the present study was combined in terms of applied purpose and qualitative-quantitative in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part, in order to obtain the consensus of experts in the production and publication of tactile sensory books, the Delphi method was used, and in the quantitative part, using a researcher-made questionnaire to the view of production and publishing experts regarding the production of tactile sensory books. Analytical survey form was performed. In the quantitative part, two relative coefficients of content validity and content validity index were used. The content validity index of the researcher-made questionnaire was reported to be higher than 0.79. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.863 based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Also, for data analysis, descriptive statistics of mean and inferential statistics of "Friedman" were used with the help of SPSS software. Findings: The findings indicate that the four sub-components of tactile capabilities, audience recognition, texture diversity, and form and shape diversity from the technical criterion of producing a tactile book with an average rank of 16 with the highest rank and the two components of natural objects and circulation or numbers with an average rank of 4.81 have the lowest rank. Regarding the production content criterion, the sub-components of attractiveness with the highest rank of 5.76 and the educational aspect of the content of these books from the point of view of production experts with 3.29 has the lowest position. In the criterion of presenting the production of a tactile book, the sub-component of effective and reciprocal communication with the audience has the highest rank with 5.55 and the role of librarian with 3.07 has the lowest rank. Conclusion: by comparing the three main technical criteria, content and presentation of the production of tactile books, the most important criterion with an average rank of 2.67 content criteria was identified which has the most role for production from the perspective of production and publishing experts.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to model social trust based on social intelligence, social identity, and social isolation based on the moderating role of gender and family economic status on secondary school students in Tehran. Methodology: The research method was descriptive correlation based on modeling and structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Tehran in the year 2019, from which 495 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Data collection was done based on Social Trust Questionnaire (Dr Safari nia, Sharif 1389, base on Johnson's theory, 1993), Social Intelligence Questionnaire (Ang Ton Teeth, 2008), Social Identity Questionnaire (Dr Safari nia, Roshan 1390, base on Jenkins's theory, 2000) and Social Isolation Questionnaire (Modaresi Yazdi, 2014). Data analysis was done by SPSS19 and PLS-SEM software in two descriptive and inferential sections. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results showed that based on the identified dimensions and components, the research model had a good fit. The results also showed that the results of social isolation, social intelligence and social identity had an impact on students' social trust. It should be noted that the social isolation variable has a negative coefficient and social intelligence and social identity have a positive path coefficient. It is therefore concluded that gender has a moderating effect on the coefficients of variable social identity on social trust. The coefficient indicates that social identity in girls has a greater impact on social trust than boys. It should be noted that gender has no moderating role in the relationship between social intelligence and social isolation with social trust. The results also showed that the relationship between social identity, social intelligence and social isolation with social trust in the high and low economic status group was different. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the economic situation has a moderating effect on the coefficients of the variables of social identity, social intelligence and social isolation on social trust.

Purpose: Academic engagement as a basis for reformist efforts in the field of education is very important in achieving learning experience so that indirectly guarantees students' academic achievement. Therefore, purpose of this study was to prediction of academic engagement based on academic optimism, perception competence and achievement emotions in students. The descriptive- correlation method was used. Methodology: The statistical population consists of all male students studying of Hewraman region in year academic 2019-20 to 1476 student. In this study, according to random cluster sampling method, 100 married students by formula Plant of Tabachnick & Fidell (2007) were selected as samples and they were asked to academic engagement scale (AES) of Reeve (2013), perception competence scale of Harter (1982), academic optimism scale (AOS) of Tschannen‐Moran, Bankole, Mitchell and Moore (2013) and achievement emotions questionnaire (AEQ) of Pekrun, Goetz & Perry (2005). Findings: The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Results: Findings showed that there was positive and significant correlation between spdemic optimism, perception competence and positive achievement emotions with academic engagement (P<0/01). There was negative and significant correlation between negative with academic engagement (P<0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that %79/2 of variance of academic engagement was explained by academic optimism, perception competence and achievement emotions. Conclusion: This study confirmed the significant contribution of academic optimism, perception competence and achievement emotions in academic engagement of students. The results of this research can help planners and implementers of education organization to adopt appropriate educational policies in order to engage students in academic studies and the factors affecting it.

Purpose: Teacher competencies in the education system is among the most influential and important issues. This importance is rooted in the critical role of teachers in educating people in a society, because the more teachers are prepared and qualified, the greater their impact on upgrading the education system. Methodology: In this regard, upstream documents, as the most extensive strategic and guidance texts, have given much attention to the teacher competencies, with regard to their mission, including directing and drawing the ideal human and the pursuit of a pure life. This study was conducted aimed at presenting a model for the teacher competencies in elementary education based on upstream documents. For this purpose, three major activities were carried out. Initially, upstream documents were examined to identify the components and instances of the teacher competencies, and the opinions of experts in the field were also used. Then, the model of the teacher competencies was designed according to the extracted instances and components. The qualitative method was used in this study and documentary research method was also used to investigate the first question. Findings: In this method, all the upstream documents, including the document of fundamental transformation of education, the national document as well as the scientific documents and literature in this field, were carefully studied so that all explicit and implicit instances and components of teacher training are extracted. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain the viewpoints of the experts in order to achieve the representing themes of competencies through content analysis. Discussion: Finally, the model of professional competencies was designed on the basis of the teacher competencies developed in the previous stages to examine the second question.