درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Since the prevalence of Covid-19 increased the use of e-learning and its dual importance in teaching methods, this study aimed to compare the effect of two teaching methods of brainstorming and group discussion by e-learning on learning level and interest in teamwork in social studies course. Methodology: This was an applied study in terms of purpose and semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design in terms of implementation method. The study population was the third-grade elementary school students in district 20 of Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021. The sample size was 60 students in two classes with 30 ones who were selected by available sampling method. One of the classes was considered as a teaching group with brainstorming method in a random way and the other class was considered as a teaching group with group discussion method. The teacher-made test of learning level in the social studies course and the teamwork interest questionnaire (Evans & Jarvis, 1986) were used to collect the data. Findings: The results of paired t-test showed that both methods of teaching brainstorming and group discussion by e-learning enhanced the level of learning and interest in teamwork in social studies course (P <0.001). The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that the group discussion teaching method in comparison with the brainstorming teaching method enhanced the learning level and interest in teamwork in the social studies course (P <0.001). Conclusion: The results showed the effectiveness of both methods and the greater impact of group discussion teaching method compared to the brainstorming teaching method in both variables of learning level and interest in teamwork. Therefore, the use of group discussion teaching method should be prioritized to improve academic performance in social studies course.

Purpose: Descriptive evaluation, if successfully implemented can play an important role in promoting the academic success and performance of elementary students. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of effective factors on successful implementation of descriptive evaluation in the primary education system of Iran. Methodology : The present study in terms of purpose was quantitative applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of quantitative. The research population was the heads and deputies of public universities, faculty members and experts of the Educational Research and Planning Institute, professors of education, doctoral students of education and faculty members and experts of the Research, Evaluation, Validation and Quality Assurance Center of Education in the 2020 year. The research sample based on Krejcie and Morgan table was estimated 178 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method with respect to job position ratio. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire of effective factors on successful implementation of descriptive evaluation in the primary education system of Iran (129 items) which its content validity was confirmed by experts and its construct validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis method and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method for the whole 0.89 and for factors higher than 0.70. Data were analyzed by methods of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings : Findings showed that the effective factors on successful implementation of descriptive evaluation in the primary education system of Iran have ten factors and two dimensions of manpower (including four factors of teachers' ability, motivational factors, structural factors and factors related to students) and curriculum (including six factors of multidimensional curriculum, fit of curriculum with facilities, fit of curriculum with needs of individual and community, content of curriculum, flexibility of curriculum and students' satisfaction from curriculum). Other findings showed that the model of effective factors on successful implementation of descriptive evaluation in the primary education system of Iran had a good fit and both manpower and curriculum had a direct and significant effect on it (P<0.05). Conclusion : According to the model of the present study, for the successful implementation of descriptive evaluation in the primary education system of Iran, it is possible to improve the situation through the dimensions of manpower and curriculum and related factors.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to provide a model of happiness for students of primary schools in Tehran. Methodology: In terms of the basic purpose, the present study was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of the nature and type of study. The statistical population of the current study included all specialists in the field of happiness, such as psychologists and sociologists, educational sciences, and quantitatively, all managers, educational assistants, and sports teachers in Tehran, which included (220 men and 280 women). Therefore, in the qualitative dimension, the sample size of the research was 16 experts in this field, and in the quantitative dimension, 334 people (144 men, 190 women) were selected using the cluster random sampling method. The measurement tool of the current research is a semi-structured interview form in the qualitative dimension, which was developed using open coding and axial coding. The formation of the said form was finalized with the help of interviews and Delphi technique from experts through selective coding. The validity and validity of this matter was confirmed with the help of experts. The research tool in the quantitative dimension was a 121-question questionnaire, which was compiled by transforming the saturated interview form by experts and by giving weight to the indicators. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha and was equal to 0.958. Its validity was obtained with the help of content and confirmatory validity, which was relatively high. The research data were analyzed through the coding process based on the systematic design of the theory derived from the data of Strauss, Corbin (1998). Findings: The method of data analysis in the qualitative dimension including the open coding method, axial coding was done, and after the theoretical saturation of the experts, the model of happiness based on 3 dimensions, 11 components and 121 indicators was finalized. In the quantitative dimension, it was confirmed with the help of factor analysis test, which consisted of 3 dimensions, 11 components and the final model of the happiness pattern was confirmed. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the final model of the dimensions of the happiness model includes, in order, family (parental relations, education, economy), school (teacher, principal, classmates, employees) and environment (culture governing the society, security, rules and regulations, media ha) is.

Purpose: Considering the role of leadership in achieving the education missions, present research done with the aim of designing a suitable leadership model to achieve new missions of higher education. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was exploratory combined (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was the higher education experts and in the quantitative part were the personnel of Islamic Azad University of Tehran province in 2018-19 academic years. The research sample in the qualitative part according to the theoretical saturation principle were estimated 13 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative part according to Cochran’s formula were estimated 385 people who were selected by cluster random sampling method with respect to classes (number of staff in universal branches). To collected data in the qualitative part used from interview and in the quantitative part used from researcher-made questionnaire (51 items) which the its content validity was confirmed by experts and its convergent validity by average variance extracted indicator was confirmed and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method 0.84. To analyze data were used from methods of open, axial and selective coding and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS-22 software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative part showed that suitable leadership had 79 concepts, 63 categories and 7 dimensions and new missions of higher education dad 20 concepts, 15 categories and 3 dimensions. The findings of the quantitative part showed that the suitable leadership model to achieve new missions of higher education had 51 indicators or items and 15 components. Also, a suitable leadership model to achieve new missions of higher education was designed and approved by experts. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, higher education specialists and planners can design and implement programs to realization the new missions of higher education.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide a model for social responsibility in education staff. Methodology: The present study was mixed in terms of implementation method (qualitative-quantitative) and applied in terms of research purpose. In the qualitative part of the research, the participants were 29 experts in the field of social sciences and management who were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed at three levels of open, axial and selective coding. Professors' critique was used for data validity and agreement coefficient between coders was used for reliability (CVR = 0.86). In the quantitative part, the statistical population was the administrative staff of different departments of Khuzestan province (1350 people) that based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 384 of them was selected as a sample size by simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings and the reliability of the instrument was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test (0.84). Data analysis was performed using Spss19 and Amos24 software which included descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equations). Findings: From the perspective of experts in ethical, economic, legal, strategic responsibility, transparency of presentation and accountability as the main components of social responsibility and the factors affecting it, including staff training, compliance with ethical charters, providing cheap services, organizational standards, financial and extra-financial support, facilitation Needs were commitment and attention to the growth of staff creativity and innovation. Among the components of social responsibility, accountability with coefficient of path (0.85), ethical component with (0.84) and legal component with (0.81) were more important, respectively. Staff training with path coefficient (0.67), commitment (0.63) and observance of social and moral values ​​(0.59) were the most important factors on social responsibility. Conclusion: Important elements of social responsibility are transparency, accountability, and greater commitment to ethical and legal norms, which improve employees’ social responsibility by empowering and strengthening social values.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present a comprehensive model of empowerment in the Social Security Organization. Methodology: This research was based on the applied purpose and in terms of quantitative and qualitative research method (mixed) and in terms of data collection was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups of experts and thinkers. The first group consisted of university professors whose field of study and field of study was related to the field of research and the second group included organizational experts with a master's degree or higher with managerial and experimental backgrounds related to human resources in the qualitative section after counting the criteria and indicators extracted. From the theoretical foundations, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Looshe and Likert spectrum was prepared and after passing the Delphi survey, a conceptual model was extracted. Then, in the quantitative part, exploratory factor analysis method was used to identify the model factors and confirmatory factor analysis method was used to fit the model. In order to check the validity of the questions, purposive sampling method was used among organizational and academic experts, of which 15 people were included as a statistical sample. In the second and third stages of validity of the questions, to strengthen the screening process, the snowball method was used to compile the sample, which after saturating the data of 32 final experts for the exploration section and building a conceptual model participated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software to cluster the indicators and create research components and Smart PLS software to confirm the research model. Findings: The results of this study identified 11 components and 37 indicators as the most important factors of comprehensive empowerment and showed that individuals will be empowered individually when intra-individual intelligence, creativity-oriented education, psychological self-knowledge, internal performance, knowledge-based decision making and individual self-efficacy. Together, they will be empowered in the collective, team, and organizational spheres when the culture of bureaucracy, internal reward, fundamental self-efficacy, and interactive policy come together. Conclusion: After exploratory factor analysis and component classification, the fit of the model obtained from the previous step was investigated and confirmed with a good fit.

Purpose: The aim of this research was designing a model for increasing organizational justice with the approach of cultural ethical values in education staff. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and combined (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of implementation method. The research population in the qualitative section was the management experts of the Islamic Azad University of Neishabour and the managers and deputies of the weekly districts of Mashhad and in the quantitative section were the education staff of the weekly districts of Mashhad in the 2019-20 academic years. The research sample in the qualitative section was 30 people who were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation by available sampling method and in the quantitative section were 257 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by methods of phishing, interviews and researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity and structure were confirmed and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha method for all dimensions above 0.80. Data of in the qualitative section were analyzed by Delphi method and in the quantitative section were analyzed by descriptive statistical indicators and structural equations in SPSS-26 and AMOS-23 software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section showed that organizational justice has four components of distributive (4 subscales), procedural (3 subscales), interactive (2 subscales) and linguistic (2 subscales) and cultural ethical values has four components of cultural values (3 subscales), ethical leadership (4 subscales), professional ethics (3 subscales) and ethical Climate (2 subscales). The findings of the quantitative section showed that the components of both factors were confirmed, subscales and components had a significant effect on the model of increasing organizational justice with the approach of cultural ethical values and the model had appropriate fitness indicators. Conclusion: Based on the results, the final model of increasing organizational justice with the approach of cultural ethical values in education staff that this model can have practical implications for education professionals and use it to improve the education organization

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Fernald’s multisensory training and computer game training on dyslexia in primary school students with learning disabilities in Ahvaz. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and in an experimental framework (pre-test-post-test design with control group). The statistical population in the present study consisted of all elementary students with learning disabilities in the first and second grade of elementary learning centers in Ahvaz in 2019. The sample consisted of 45 students with learning disabilities in the first and second grade of elementary school. The research instrument included Wexler (1945) dyslexia questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate covariance of Manqua and ANCOA. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that Fernald’s multisensory training reduced dyslexia in elementary students with learning disabilities in the experimental group (1) compared to the control group and training in the use of computer games reduced the dyslexia in elementary students with learning disabilities in the experimental group (2). In comparison with the control group, it was found that there is a difference between the effectiveness of Fernald’ multisensory training and computer game training on dyslexia of elementary students with learning disabilities and Fernald’s multisensory training compared to computer game training in elementary students with dyslexia. Learning disabilities were more effective. Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that Fernald’s multisensory training methods and computer game training reduce the dyslexia of elementary students with learning disabilities and Fernald’s multisensory training is a more effective method to reduce the dyslexia anger of elementary students with learning disabilities

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of individual and collective components on the formation of social trust in high school students. Methodology: The present study in terms of applied purpose and in terms of performance, it was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative section was experts, experts and specialists in the field of education and training and in the quantitative section were the principals and deputies of the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 2019-20, whose number was 380. The research sample in the qualitative section according to the principle of theoretical saturation were 15 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative section according to Cochran’s formula were 190 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, review of research texts and literature, semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire (110 items) were used. The validity of the interview was confirmed by a review of 10 faculty members and its reliability was calculated by the subject internal agreement coefficient of 0.86. It was obtained from 0.70. Data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS software by content analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings: Findings showed that in the formation of social trust, two components, individual and collective, played a role. Determination, self-control and collective component had nine dimensions of social commitment, social participation, social support, social respect, and social discipline, loyalty to values, behavioral validity, social development and friendly relations. Conclusion: The results showed that individual and collective components played an effective role in the formation of social trust in high school students