درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of the business model of small and medium enterprises in the path of digital transformation during the Covid 19 epidemic. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. For this purpose, first, using the literature review, the challenges of the business model in the path of digital evolution during the Covet 19 epidemic have been identified, then in order to sift and consensus of the components extracted from the literature, the Delphi method was used in two rounds. The Delphi panel consisted of 30 experts in the field of research who were selected by purposive sampling. In the next step, in order to ensure the factor structure and validity of the structures, and to fit the model using the field method and distribution of questionnaires, a survey of senior managers of small and medium companies in Tehran was conducted. The sample size was determined using the sample size method required for modeling structural equations, 200 people, and finally 162 questionnaires were selected using a simple random method. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data. Findings indicate 23 sub-components in 6 main components of change challenges, market challenges, financial, organizational, individual and environmental. The results also showed that the factor of "lack of necessary infrastructure" has the highest priority,"lack of government support during the Pandemic" and "lack of intangible resources(experience,knowledge,flexible manpower) for digital transformation" are in the next ranks.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of business intelligence, foreign market knowledge and entrepreneurial characteristics on the speed of internationalization with the mediating role of organizational agility in SME pharmaceutical companies in Alborz province. The statistical population of this research was formed by those who hold a position and responsibility in SME pharmaceutical companies. In fact, they are decision makers. Therefore, it is possible to consider those who are part of the managerial positions, assistants, supervisors, senior decision makers, board members, and experts of different departments of SME pharmaceutical companies of Alborz province as members involved in the statistical population. did In this research, Klein's approach was used to determine the sample size. He believes that 10 or 20 samples are necessary for each variable. Considering the presence of 8 variables in the research, the sample size is estimated to be 20 times that is 160 samples. Non-probability sampling method was used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.950, which indicates the reliability of the research tool. Also, the KMO test was confirmed in the validity of the research instrument construct. Smart PLS software was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. The research findings out of the ten mentioned hypotheses show the confirmation of seven hypotheses and the rejection of three hypotheses. The foreign market knowledge construct did not show any positive and significant relationship with organizational agility structures and the speed of internationalization and also its mediating role was not confirmed. But other structures, namely business intelligence and entrepreneurial characteristics, showed a significant and positive relationship with organizational agility and the speed of internationalization, both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of organizational agility.

The important role of leadership in management of today's organizations has been emphasized for many years by executives and experts in the field. The role of knowledge in leading organizations is prominent. This study aims to examine the role of the knowledge-Oriented Leadership in market orientation that seeks to achieve innovation. Market orientation (MO) lies at the bottom of modern marketing thinking and practice. Although research has shown that MO contributes to firm performance through innovation implementation, an understanding is lacking on how the dimensions of MO (customer orientation, competitor orientation, and inter-functional coordination) may have differential effects on innovation, especially in the sales force context. As a survey research, data were gathered through a structured questionnaire with a sample of 92 executive-level employees employed in ISPs in Mazandaran province. SEM was used to examine the standard error of the estimate and t-values. Findings suggest that knowledge-oriented leadership has a positive effect on innovation implementation by mediating of market orientation. Interestingly, innovative organizational culture was found to have mediated the relationship between Knowledge-oriented leadership and innovation implementation of the ISPs in Mazandaran. Moreover, results indicate that effect of sales force market orientation on sales performance is fully mediated by innovation implementation.

Nowadays, most of Businesses have faced a great challenge for entering a new market. The existence conditions have forced the managers to apply the innovative methods for simultaneous analyzing of various factors for arrival to special markets. This paper prioritizes a few target markets using two methods. First, the problem is solved by the combined method of hierarchical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, and then by the method of fuzzy hierarchical analysis and finally the results of both methods are compared. The considered problem in this study relates to a factory of prefabricated building components that is looking for establishing the sale agencies in appropriate towns in order to introduce and distribute the new products. In order to prioritize cities, desired criteria are determined through interviews with experts and investigating the previous studies. The research findings have shown that based on the four main criteria and seven related sub-criteria, the prioritization of selected cities as markets has been A-D-C-B respectively. In the end, it is concluded that based on the findings of this study, managers and stakeholders should pay attention to these priorities in choosing the target market. In this research, for the first time, the combined Monte Carlo technique and hierarchical analysis have been used to select the market. Market selection is one of the issues that has always been a concern of managers and has been associated with a lot of risk. Using Monte Carlo simulation algorithm and hierarchical analysis, by considering different decision intervals, greatly reduces the risk of selection, so this technique is recommended to managers of organizations as a practical method in market selection.