مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Iran


۱۰۱.

Is There Any Difference to Use Various Definition of Money in Analyzing Money Neutrality?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۲۶, Issue ۳ (۲۰۱۹) 22-30
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۰
During past years, economists have been endeavoring to determine both relationship and causality direction between real macroeconomic and nominal economic variables. In this regard, many studies have been carried out on the relation between money and inflation, resulting in the introduction of the notion of money neutrality which implies that permanent change of money supply just affects the nominal variables and has no lasting and real effect on production and employment. Furthermore, even when constant changes of money growth have no real impact whatsoever (except on real monetary equilibriums); money is stated to be super neutral in the long run. Although the majority of economists (with disparate schools of thought) concur with long-term money neutrality, there are still different opinions on the short-term and middle-term neutrality of the money. In following some major of them are presented. This paper investigates the existence of money neutrality in the Iranian economy applying Fisher and Seater approach during 1973 and 2014. The time series analysis, ARIMA model, is used to examine the problem and we consider various monetary aggregates, M1 and M2. Results show that we cannot reject the hypothesis test of money neutrality in Iran. Because all variables are non-stationary and integrated of order one I (1) we can only test the money neutrality. So it is strongly verified that money is neutral and it does not have any significant effects on real non-oil GDP in Iran. Also it was shown that the results are not sensitive to different aggregate money supply.
۱۰۲.

Transition to a Democratic Family in Iran: A Socio-Philosophical Investigation(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۲۶, Issue ۳ (۲۰۱۹) 46-60
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۱
Democratic family, as a new phenomenon in Iran, is based on some fundamental principles such as liberty, equality, rule of law, and tolerance. In this article, some of the important aspects of a democratic family in Iran will be explained and evaluated by applying conceptual analysis and critical evaluation. The family, which is characterized by middle class, rights, population and urbanization, marriage and divorce, violence, and nuclear family, lead to reasonable decision-making through dialogue and cooperation. The patriarchal mode of management in Iranian family has gradually changed into a collective decision-making, in which, the role of boys and girls are significant. These characteristics indicate that Iranian democratic family is a transitional process of social and political development in Iran.
۱۰۳.

The Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on the Systemic Risk of Iran's Financial Markets (SURE Approach in Panel Data)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Finance, Volume ۴, Issue ۱, Winter ۲۰۲۰ 1 - 24

کلیدواژه‌ها: Monetary and Fiscal Policies systemic risk Financial Markets Iran SURE in Panel Data Approach

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۹
The mutual relationship between monetary and fiscal policies and value at risk is one of the most important topics in the financial economics literature and accounts for the vast majority of empirical studies. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of monetary and fiscal policies on conditional value at risk in the financial sectors of the stock exchange, bank and insurance during the years 1995-2017. For this purpose, by quantile regression method and in the form of Adrian and Brunnermeier approach, the conditional value at risk of these three financial sectors is estimated and then by using the seemingly unrelated regression equation approach in panel data evaluated the effect of liquidity money variables. The interest rate on facility payments, the real exchange rate, the government's budget deficit, real GDP growth, and the degree of economic openness are subject to conditional risk. The results of the model estimation indicate the significance of the effect of liquidity money, interest rate on facility payments and real exchange rate variables on conditional value at risk in each of three relevant equations, and real GDP growth variable in the model, Exposure to the conditional value at risk of the insurance sector has a negative and significant effect. Also, the degree of openness of the economy in any of the three estimated equations has no significant effect on the conditional value at risk. 
۱۰۴.

Content Analysis of Elementary Science Books by Using Soft Educational Technology to Teach Environmental Issues in Iran and Russia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار سال هشتم تابستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۴ 15 - 36

کلیدواژه‌ها: Soft Educational Technology Environment Iran Russia Science Book World Book Around Us

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۴
Hard educational technologies received more attention today while soft educational technology has been considered as one of the keys and effective technologies in teaching and learning. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the use of soft educational technologies in teaching environmental issues in the first to the third grade of elementary science textbooks of Iran and Russia. This study is a descriptive analysis of the content. The statistical population of the study is all the first, second, and third-grade textbooks of sciences in Iran and the world around us in Russia. The statistical sample included environmental issues in the first, second, and third-grade elementary science textbooks of Iran and Russia. The research tool was a researcher-made checklist made by soft educational technology and an environmental health checklist from Yale University. The results showed that allegory and role-playing hadn't used at all to teach environmental issues in Iran. Questions and answers Iran 31.95, Russia 31.64)and comparisons of objects, the discovery of similarities and differences, and conclusions )Iran  20.61, Russia  17.72) have been widely used in both countries. In Iran, more emphasis has been placed on solving problems and carrying out projects(13.40), and more emphasis has been placed on the use of daily life activities(16.45) in teaching in Russia. The results also showed that the use of soft educational technology to teach environmental issues was given more significance in the third grade of an elementary school in both of the countries. Soft technology has been used less in the first grade of the elementary school of Iran but in the second grade of the elementary school of Russia.
۱۰۵.

Iranian Celebrities on the Internet

نویسنده:
منبع: Cyberspace Studies,Volume ۴, Issue ۱, January ۲۰۲۰ 77 - 80

کلیدواژه‌ها: celanthropy celebrity culture digital Literacy Instagram Iran Privacy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۷۸
Celebrities have gained considerable influence in the last one hundred years or so, but the advent of so-called Web 2.0 technologies has given celebrity culture a new momentum. We are living in a world in which celebrities are striving to curve their place in every niche and hence we have to become more media literate in order to avoid being exploited by celebrity media and culture. We have to be aware that celebrities promote commodities that they will never use, that they are carefully working on their image to become pleasant to us, and that if they do humanitarian work, they are mainly doing it for their reputation, and not for a real and authentic cause.
۱۰۶.

Congressional Foreign Policy Actors on the Two Iran Banking Sanction Laws during the Obama Administration(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Autumn ۲۰۱۹, Volume ۳, Issue ۴ 687 - 730

کلیدواژه‌ها: actors Congress Decision Making Iran Sanctions

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۹
The United States and Iran as former allies turned into adversaries after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. Since then the United States has tried to contain Iran as a state considered to be a threat to the U.S. national security. The U.S. Congress has also acted in line with the administrations’ policies and in some cases directed the administration to take a tougher stance toward Iran. A review of the literature on congressional studies indicates that the power of individual actors in legislative policymaking has increased since the 1970s. Using the Bounded Rational Model in foreign policy decision making, the present paper attempts to explain the decision making behavior of congressional sanction bill sponsors for the two financial/banking sanction laws against Iran during the Obama administration. These two laws are the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability and Divestment Act of 2010 and Section 1245 of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012. The method of qualitative content analysis is employed to explain the context of the bills and the sanction triggers and goals are identified through the remarks of bill sponsors. The analysis of these sanction laws using the four elements of actor, preference, structure, and decision criteria indicates that the Bounded Rational Model as it takes into account the decision makers’ cognitive limitations and the limitations imposed on them by the environment of decision making is a good model to explain the decision making behavior of banking sanction bill sponsors.
۱۰۷.

The Jewish Community in Contemporary Iran: A New Analytic Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Autumn ۲۰۱۹, Volume ۳, Issue ۴ 763 - 787

کلیدواژه‌ها: Community Identity Iran Jews Minorities Nationalism religion

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۷
This paper takes a broad and novel approach to analysing the Iranian Jewish community of Iran, both as a distinct group and as a constituent part of Iran’s wider population sharing its national culture. The goal was to find a new way of addressing the topic, avoiding many ambiguities, and bringing all discourse back to its starting point: Iranian identity. If we identify Persian roots as the focus and the heart of our investigation, and we establish that a cultural study of the Iranian Jewscannot be separated from Iranian identity itself, we not only shift attention to a common denominator that links a variety of topics, but raise new questions, new issues, and new considerations. The aim was to identify an analytical tool through which we could interpret and relate various outlooks on Iranian identity: the analysis led us to consider religion as the source of a common sense of belonging, in contrast to most scholars whose work is predicated on the dichotomy of “secularism vs religion.” Instead, the Iranian identity discourse that emerges from this paper finds connections and affinities across the common dividing lines represented by religion, ethnicity, and geography. Reinforcing an Iranian discourse through the Jewish experience can constitute a valid response to the deep crisis of the Iranian national question and the enhancement of national, economic, and religious alliances. This paper employs a qualitative approach to the framework ofnational identity, based on the idea of its progressive character and related to the concept of identity as socially constructed. The theoretical assumptions expressed throughout this paper have found their empirical explanation in fieldwork that the author conducted in Iran in 2019.
۱۰۸.

Medical Tourism Opportunities: Iran as a Destination Country for Azerbaijani Medical Tourists(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Autumn ۲۰۱۹, Volume ۳, Issue ۴ 789 - 837

کلیدواژه‌ها: Azerbaijan economic opportunities Iran medical costs Medical Tourism Soft power

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۶
The medical tourism industry comprises a combination of tourism and medical services and has attracted the attention of most developed and developing countries during the last decades. This industry has capacities which guarantee progress not only in the economic field, but also in the cultural and political spheres; capacities that can deliver great advantages and opportunities in promoting the power of countries. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the elements of medical tourism on the creation of new economic and political opportunities. Consistent with this purpose, the focus of this article was to investigate the reasons for the presence of Azerbaijani medical tourists in Iran and the common interests between the two countries. Following an analysis of prominent articles in this field, several factors such as culture, quality, infrastructure, cost, and destination image were identified and discussed in detail. The identified factors were used as the basis of a questionnaire seeking the views of experts active in the field of medical tourism, and the results evaluated using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The factors driving medical tourism were then classified according to their relative priority. The analysis of the experts’ points of view confirmed Iran's current position and future opportunities in the medical tourism industry.
۱۰۹.

Evaluation of the human thermal discomfort index in different phases of North-Caspian Sea Patterns (NCP) in southern coasts of Caspian Sea, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهشهای تغییرات آب و هوایی سال اول زمستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۴ 1 - 9

کلیدواژه‌ها: Thermal Conditions Human Discomfort Teleconnection patterns NCP Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۱
Human thermal comfort is strongly dependent on climatic parameters variations. Variations of climatic parameters such as air temperature, precipitation, and wind speed under the effect of atmospheric teleconnection patterns can influence thermal conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study is evaluating the effect of North-Caspian Sea Pattern (NCP) on Human Thermal Discomfort (HDI) in southern coasts of Caspian Sea. To do so, air temperature and dew point temperature data at 2 m, were extracted from the reanalysis of the ERA-Interim/European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in monthly time scale during 1979-2018 with a spatial resolution of 0.125° × 0.125°. Then, different phases of NCP were extracted including positive, negative and neutral phases. Human thermal discomfort index was calculated during each phases. Also, influence of NCP’s intensity on thermal conditions were analyzed for positive and negative phases regarding to neutral phase and ΔHDI were computed. Results illustrated that cold stress is predominate thermal conditions during the positive phases of NCP in studied region while negative phase of NCP cause more comfortable conditions especially in eastern coasts of Caspian Sea. Also, intensity of NCP can influence the thermal conditions of the region. 
۱۱۰.

Holocene climatic events in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهشهای تغییرات آب و هوایی سال اول زمستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۴ 35 - 48

کلیدواژه‌ها: Holocene Climatic Event Paleoclimate Research Archeology Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۹
Climate change is significantly affecting the livelihoods and health of human societies. During the Holocene, climatic events have occurred repeatedly. These events typically have affected large regions between 100 and 600 years. Paleoclimate studies of the Northern Hemisphere have identified climatic events of 9.2, 8.2, 5.2, 4.2, 3.2 ka BP, Roman warming, the early medieval cooling, medieval warming, and Little Ice Age. Also, by adapting the archaeological studies and the paleoclimate research of Iran, other periods of climate change such as 7.5, 7, 6.2 and 4.8 ka BP can be introduced. Due to the vastness and geographical diversity of Iran, the impact of each of these events in different parts of the country has been different, but, in general, during droughts related to climate change, semi-arid to arid regions of Iran have been more vulnerable, and therefore, people were using a variety of strategies to resilience and adapt, such as changing subsistence patterns, managing water resources, and migrating. However, in some periods of climate change, the effects of climatic hazards have been such that it has led to the cultural, socio-economic and political decline of societies.
۱۱۱.

Urban Development Process in Iran from the Management and Urban Planning View of Point

نویسنده:
منبع: جغرافیا و روابط انسانی دوره ۱ زمستان ۱۳۹۷ ویژه نامه زمستان 59 - 71

کلیدواژه‌ها: Urban Development Urban planning Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۱
the Iranian civilization according to different studies was a harbinger of urbanism and, at least until the last centuries, formation of urban centuries, though coming from political power canons, nut the urban growth in an organic order was related to the surrounding environment, and in quoting from majority of scientists of urban-planning the post share of Iran had a interior generative growth. The general concordance in the writings of the wise scientists, the urbanism and urban-planning are the reasons "at least from the ecological and social point of view" are existing in the past city of Iranian and this is founded on the dependence of city to the environmental economics and "the region management from the security point of view by the governors of the city" besides the share of past was not taken form rant economy and its feeding resources are depending and the sustaining of production and continuation and social living of surrounding environment. What that was resulted from the centralized and high to law hierarchical and based on rant economy has in 50 recent years transferred the citizenry and urbanization from interior- proliferation to exterior-proliferation, in such a position the city extreme consuming of state sources has grown up in deformity and non-organized manner and the function and the environmental surroundings gets confused, and in such a situation the outpacing of urbanism commences to urbanization, and the comparison between retasded city may resemble to "a extremely fat body with a continuous metabolism without any wisdom organ and this slender body is continuously growing up, and this stender body is perpetually trying to pass its daily living and has no hope for rescue from such a molstrum and in such a situation stand in contrast to all-sides sustainable aims.
۱۱۲.

Expert and Novice Iranian EFL Teachers’ Professional Knowledge at Iranian Language Institutes and Universities

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۶, Issue ۲۲, Summer ۲۰۱۸ 133 - 149

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Iran expert teachers novice teachers teachers’ professional knowledge

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۹
This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and the results of a qualitative study carried out by Yazdanpanah and Sahragard (2017). This questionnaire was administered to the whole sample of the study who was 200 Iranian EFL teachers from different genders and educational contexts. The participants were selected conveniently as going through random sampling was not possible. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, six factors emerged under the main category of professional knowledge for Iranian EFL teachers. The findings of this study revealed that: (a) Iranian EFL expert teachers have higher levels of professional knowledge than Iranian EFL novice teachers (b) expert teachers have higher levels of knowledge about language and knowledge of language skills and components than novice teachers (c) expert and novice participants of this study are more or less similar in the modification they make in their teaching presentation, and d) there was not a significant difference between Iranian EFL expert teachers and Iranian EFL novice teachers due to knowledge of language teaching, knowledge of teaching methods and knowledge of language learning.
۱۱۳.

Energy Dual Pricing in Iran and Its Impact on Accession to the World Trade Organization(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Petroleum Business Review (PBR), Volume ۲, Issue ۴ - Serial Number ۵, Autumn ۲۰۱۸ 13 - 25

کلیدواژه‌ها: Energy Dual Pricing WTO Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۴
Energy has been always the focus of attention since the establishment of the WTO.The significance of this issue was doubled when the major energy-producing countries states sought to join the WTO.To join the WTO,many energy-producing and energy-exporting states inevitably needed to modify and change their own laws.The adoption of a dual pricing policy by the applicant countries appears as one of the controversial issues in this regard.By determining lower energy prices for their domestic producers,the energy-rich countries provide them with a superior position relative to their international rivals.From the perspective of some energy-importing countries,such behaviors are seen as subsidizes.Iran as one of the largest energy-rich states,has been seeking about twenty years to join the WTO.Iran subsidizes its domestic producers to support its energy sector and infant industries.This article focused on examining the pricing policies,and in particular,the approach to determine the price of energy in Iran.In addition,we studied of the impact of the pricing method of the energy sector in Iran on the process of its accession to the WTO by a comparative evaluation of the accession process of the energy-producing countries such asRussia andSaudi Arabia to the WTO.Through studying the laws and regulations of the energy sector of Iran, one can realize that Iran has been distancing from DP in recent years and is striving to approach the price of its energy to the global price by benefiting fromthe experiences of the performance of the membercountries of the WTO aimed at accelerating the process of its accession to the WTO
۱۱۴.

The Effects of Green Tax Implementation on Labor Demand in Iranian Industry Sector(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Petroleum Business Review (PBR), Volume ۴, Issue ۱ - Serial Number ۱۰, Winter ۲۰۲۰ 61 - 73

کلیدواژه‌ها: Green Tax Double Dividend Employment CES Production Function Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۱
Environmental tax reform can be used in a fundamental transformation towards a green economy. Green tax may reduce the energy consumption and pollution emissions, as well as other economic benefits. This study mainly focused on the effects of green taxes on labor demand in Iranian industry sector during 1980 – 2015. Regarding the double dividend hypothesis, green taxes may improve the employment by substitution between labor and energy. Using CES production function, the elasticity of substitution between labor and energy is estimated 0.48 percent for industry sector. Then, the effect of green taxes on labor demand is investigated subject to government’s fixed budget constraint and labor demand function. The results show that green tax will have positive effects on employment in the industry. During the transfer of the labor tax system to the green tax system, the environment and employment may improve, without additional cost to the government and producer.
۱۱۵.

Energy Transition Modelling in Iran: An Evidence from the ARDL Bound Testing Method(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Petroleum Business Review (PBR), Volume ۴, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۱۱, Spring ۲۰۲۰ 35-43

کلیدواژه‌ها: energy transition ARDL bound testing method Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۶۱۰
The challenge of environmental pollution and climate change have made countries to develop energy transition progress to move from non-renewable energy sources towards renewable ones. This paper seeks to consider energy transformation process and analyze its pattern in Iran by modeling through the ARDL bounding testing method over the period of 1993-2018. The empirical estimations depicted that in the long-run economic growth and inflation rate negatively impact on energy transformation of Iran, while increase in carbon dioxide emissions and appreciation of Iran’s national currency accelerate the energy transition process in Iran. Regarding the short-run relationship, the major results represented an evidence of positive impact of exchange rate on Iran’s energy transition process, while the other variables have negative coefficient. As a major concluding remark, for the case of Iran, the findings prove that the influential impacts of explanatory variables on energy transformation are stronger in long-run rather than in short-run. Therefore, the presence of efficient long-run energy planning is recommended.
۱۱۶.

Third Power Policy and its Role in the Creation of US-Iran Relations in the Early Rule of Naser al-Din Shah (1850 – 1857 AD)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام سال یازدهم تابستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۲۳ 21 - 44

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Qajar America Diplomatic Relations Third Power Policy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۵
Iran in the 19th century was different in foreign policy perspective. The catastrophic failures in Russo-Persian wars, the partition of Caucuses form Iran and the Tsars’ plans for accessing southern seas of Iran, British rule over India and Southern Indian Ocean waterways, all revived the importance of Iran as a buffer country in the Eastern policy of London politicians; events which transformed Iran into a center for Russian-British Bipolar Paradigm rivalry. The Iranian politicians acknowledging the dangers of such dual external rule were seeking a third power to decrease the pressure of their Northern-Southern neighbors. Qajar politicians believed that a third power would be a better balancer against Russia and Britain and would be assisting in the protecting national independence and territorial integrity. On the other side, America as a developed country, which set aside civil wars successfully, with the slogan of friendship and trade, was eager to establish political relations with countries like Iran and sign amity and trade agreements. This was the circumstances in which diplomatic relations between Iran and the US was established in the 19th century (AD).
۱۱۷.

The Position of Superstition and Anti-Superstition in Iran’s Political Thought with an Emphasis on the Qajar Era(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام سال یازدهم تابستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۲۳ 45 - 68

کلیدواژه‌ها: Political Thought Superstition rationality Development Qajar era Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۸۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۷
During Qajar era, superstition and anti-superstition have had great impact on Iran's political thought. Superstitious context as an irrational process and major obstacle to the growth of political thought in Iran, exhorted the society towards subjectivist and reductionist approach. Rational intellectuals, on the other hand, endeavored to erode superstitious trends for pushing the society towards rationality and development. This article with a qualitative historical and analytical methodology and through collecting the library data tries to answer the question that "how superstitious culture had influenced the political thought of Iran during the Qajar period?" The hypothesis of the research is that the culture of superstition and irrationality through subjectivism and reductionism influenced the political thought of Iran during Qajar era, which in its turn led to the "intellectual despotism" and consequently to the "political tyranny". Based on the Giddens conception of the interaction between structure and agency, the article concludes that the contextual factors notably the superstitious culture led to the despotic mindset of Iranian rulers during Qajar period.
۱۱۸.

Ups and Downs in Iran – Japan Trade Relations: From the End of Nāser-al-Dīn Era to the Rise of Reza Shah (1891 -1941 AD)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام سال یازدهم تابستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۲۳ 123 - 147

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Japan -Trade Relations Nāser-al-dīn Shah Reza Shah

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۸۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۷
Japan was the first Asian nation in the nineteenth century which successfully implemented modernization. Therefore, to ensure its economic progress it sought new markets to sell its products. Iran, also with various motivations, to compensate for its backwardness sought to develop its relations with Japan. The present study attempts to study the ups and downs of trade relations between Iran and Japan in the contemporary era. Based on its findings, the study reveals that the First World War and the Bolshevik revolution in Russia boosted the trade between Iran and Japan and Japan became one of the Iran's top ten trade partners and the Japanese products officially entered Iran. Due to official relations, the trade activities between the two nations entered a new phase. Iran needed to be industrialized. Therefore, it hired Japanese experts and specialists to accelerate its progress. The trade balance between the two nations was equal in the beginning years of the Reza Shah era but gradually the Japanese benefitted more and this process continued.
۱۱۹.

L'interaction entre le français et la culture irano-islamique dans les manuels scolaires iraniens, un obstacle devant l'apprentissage du FLE ou un appui?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Revue des Études de la Langue Française, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۲, ۲۰۱۹ 145 - 154

کلیدواژه‌ها: culture d’origine culture de destinataire FLE Iran manuels scolaires

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۹
Les manuels scolaires iraniens sont préparés sur l’idée qu’une langue étrangère devrait être enseignée suivant les valeurs sociales et culturelles du pays où elle s’enseigne. La méthode s’attache aux valeurs premières de l’Iran comme religion, littérature, traditions, etc. et pas à celles de la France. Mais si nous confirmons la méthodologie d’ajustement de la langue étrangère et la culture d’origine des apprenants, il faut aussi penser à leur besoin à connaitre des aspects de la vie sociale et culturelle des français. Mais c’est en effet à partir du 3ème que quelques textes de littérature française s’y font voir. Ainsi, même si l’élève parvient à se faire bien comprendre en français, rien ne peut garantir une relation réussie avec les français. Cet article se penchera sur les problèmes interculturels des manuels scolaires en vue de pouvoir proposer une solution basée sur l’apprentissage simultané de la langue et la culture étrangères tout en restant attaché à celles des apprenants.
۱۲۰.

Social Capacities to Facilitate the Establishment of Solar Energy Technology and its Effects on Sustainable Rural Development (Case Study: Kerman Desert Region, Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش و برنامه ریزی روستایی سال نهم تابستان ۱۳۹۹ شماره ۳۰ 105 - 123

کلیدواژه‌ها: Solar energy sustainable rural development Kerman desert region Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۶
Purpose: The use of solar energy has long been human interest. Some countries are trying to gradually replace fossil energy with solar energy because of special benefits such as lack of environmental pollution, frequency, immortality, and sustainable access. The potential of solar energy provides a good platform for the development of marginal villages and regions that are deployed away from urban centers or rural population centers. However, in some countries, despite the favorable weather conditions, for various reasons, the use of solar energy technology is still not commensurate with the potentials. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research adopted a descriptive-analytical method to explain the potentials of solar energy technology for sustainable rural development in the study area on 400 randomized samples. The potential and process of developing and expanding solar energy technology, as an effective factor, was determined by 34 items under indicators such as education and awareness-raising, knowledge and skills, trust-building, capacity building, participation, and partnership in investment. The dependent research variable was also measured through 106 items in ecological, socioeconomic, and physical dimensions of settlement development. Findings: The results suggested that the utilization of solar energy technology was effective in promoting sustainable development indicators of rural settlements in the study area. Hence, it is suggested to pay further attention to improving training and raising awareness as well as building support for villagers to increase the level of employment, participation, and investment in the utilization of solar energy technology.