۱.
As non-profit organizations, universities have specific goals and missions, their performance must be assessed for exploiting their limited available resources and achieving organizational goals. The purpose of this study is to employ the obtained strategies for evaluating the status of research area in the Islamic Azad University using SWOT analysis and design the research development model of the university through social marketing mix. A mixed methods research (quantitative-qualitative) has been used for the study carried out in two stages. In the first stage, SWOT analysis is used and in the second stage, social marketing is employed given the extracted strategies in the previous stage. In the qualitative section, the statistical sample included experts (deputies, research managers, students and professors who were the members of the young researchers club in the first stage and assistant and associate marketing professors in the second stage) selected via purposive sampling and theoretical saturation. In quantitative section, the research was descriptive and field-based where the statistical sample included 370 respondents from university branches at Tehran and Alborz provinces and selected via stratified random sampling. According to Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability of the SWOT questionnaire was estimated equal to 98% and that of social marketing was equal to 96%. According to the results of the study, integrated social marketing could result in favorable research behavior.
۲.
During past years, economists have been endeavoring to determine both relationship and causality direction between real macroeconomic and nominal economic variables. In this regard, many studies have been carried out on the relation between money and inflation, resulting in the introduction of the notion of money neutrality which implies that permanent change of money supply just affects the nominal variables and has no lasting and real effect on production and employment. Furthermore, even when constant changes of money growth have no real impact whatsoever (except on real monetary equilibriums); money is stated to be super neutral in the long run. Although the majority of economists (with disparate schools of thought) concur with long-term money neutrality, there are still different opinions on the short-term and middle-term neutrality of the money. In following some major of them are presented. This paper investigates the existence of money neutrality in the Iranian economy applying Fisher and Seater approach during 1973 and 2014. The time series analysis, ARIMA model, is used to examine the problem and we consider various monetary aggregates, M1 and M2. Results show that we cannot reject the hypothesis test of money neutrality in Iran. Because all variables are non-stationary and integrated of order one I (1) we can only test the money neutrality. So it is strongly verified that money is neutral and it does not have any significant effects on real non-oil GDP in Iran. Also it was shown that the results are not sensitive to different aggregate money supply.
۳.
Traditional celebrations and recreational activities are considered part of the Iranian historical identity. Ancient and medieval Persian sources have documented various types of these celebrations, suggesting the social commitment to such rituals. Apart from social identity, these tendencies could also bring dynamism and refreshment into the society. With the passage of time, despite many adversities imposed on social foundations, some of these ceremonies were redefined and retrieved as the national heritage. Of course, other forms of joyful ceremonies that were matched with new religious thought were added to the national heritage, as well. On the other hand, Iranian governments and rulers of the time also supported and promoted some of these rituals in accordance with their personal morale as well as political and religious attitudes, thereby contributing to their survival and continuity. In the Safavid era, the Iranian society was not different as a relative political stability and security allowed the continuity of these traditions. The present study intends to introduce the patterns and types of these celebrations. Thus, the main question of this research is: what were the forms of joyful ceremonies during the Safavid? Research data show that despite the fact that the Safavid period, at one time and other, was engaged in some civil or external wars, the social texture had a deep link with promising and recreational approaches and hence; there were various types of celebrations and ceremonies based on social traditions.
۴.
Democratic family, as a new phenomenon in Iran, is based on some fundamental principles such as liberty, equality, rule of law, and tolerance. In this article, some of the important aspects of a democratic family in Iran will be explained and evaluated by applying conceptual analysis and critical evaluation. The family, which is characterized by middle class, rights, population and urbanization, marriage and divorce, violence, and nuclear family, lead to reasonable decision-making through dialogue and cooperation. The patriarchal mode of management in Iranian family has gradually changed into a collective decision-making, in which, the role of boys and girls are significant. These characteristics indicate that Iranian democratic family is a transitional process of social and political development in Iran.
۵.
Symbolic figures, in addition to decorative aspects, are indicator of culture, religion, art and political and social structures of a government and country in ancient times. During the Sassanid era, symbolic figures flourished further with the mixture of religion and polity and their examples can be seen in most of the remaining artworks from the same era that could found during archaeological excavations. Investigation of symbolic figures in the Sassanian rock reliefs and stucco is a necessity but unfortunately, has not been independently and elaborately addressed to this date. It is necessary to investigate this significant aspect using archaeological and historical evidence. This study, which is considered as a kind of fundamental research based on its objective and a historical one with respect to its nature and methodology, obviously indicate that the dominant symbolic figures in Sassanian rock reliefs and stucco have had religious origins.
۶.
Motivation for learning a new language does not have an all-or-none impact. It is gradually formed and fluctuated over time and on each timescale has varying levels of influence on a person’s endeavor to learn a language. At the present time, scholars claim that throughout the Second Language Development (SLD) different timescales interact with each other and this interaction is nonlinear, complex and dynamic in nature (de Bot 2015). The present study attempted to investigate the motivational dynamics of a group of Persian learners in longer timescales composed of a number of tasks performed on shorter timescales. Ten participants were interviewed at the onset, while performing tasks and at the end of the course to better picture the interplay of different motivational themes over time. The findings confirmed temporal variation in participants’ motivation. Although some individual specific variation was observed, the average group motivation was increasingly tending toward an overall stable state. Moreover, the data revealed the fact that motivational themes were not equally effective over the course and during task performance. It was shown, for example, that factors influencing learners’ initial motivation were less influential during the task completion. Finally, L2 motivation was found to contain an interrelationship of a number of dynamic and complex factors which varied over different timescales and had different motivational intensity in each specific stage. Finally, some implications were driven from the findings of the study.
