Archeology

Undoubtedly, pottery is among the most important information types that can help understand societies and cultures better. Despite introducing pottery known as Sultān Abād and its classification over the last few decades, very limited information has been published so far on the origin of its type and about archeological sites containing them. The main reason for this seems to be that containers could not be found in archeological excavations, and most of these potteries were obtained through illegal excavations hence; are part of private collections and museums. Consequently, our understanding on their origin, extent and distribution is very limited. In the current study, we attempt to present a brief introduction about the technical and decorative features of this pottery type, its construction origin, historical background and the likely place or places of its production. Then, based on information from recent archaeological excavations and surveys, this pottery type is described and explained.

“You are able to consume everything but your bodies…”. This stereotypic phrase is a very repetitive one, endorsed in most of the workshops on “body and archaeology”. The workshops, I am holding for three years is various cities of Iran are actually based on Augusto Boal’s Theater of the Oppressed and the very concept of Docile Bodies of Michael Foucault. My very goal in these series of workshops is to clarify the process of oppression for students of anthropology and social sciences using a method more than describing the theoretical dilemma. Over the last couple of years, it has been more clarified to me that over half of the youths attending the workshops have no motivation to move or present their body and voice abilities. They prefer to remain the silent audiences of an instructor’s monologue. The rate of such a desire increases in larger cities representing the increasing rate of body control. To manage Boal’s plays, I usually conduct the machine play to warm up minds but surprisingly, more I practice, more these are female participants who share their experiences of body oppression while male students remain silent. Is there any recognized pattern which shapes their exception of presenting the bodies? Are they fearful of losing their social agency towards playing new Avant-garde roles? I believe that the answer is positive. There are patterns of docile bodies which are objectively observable in the process of playing Theater of the Oppressed in Iran and mostly these patterns are gender-based. In this article, I intend to describe the body patterns derived from the workshops on Body and Archaeology in order to a better understanding of docile bodies based on acts and practices.

Climate change is significantly affecting the livelihoods and health of human societies. During the Holocene, climatic events have occurred repeatedly. These events typically have affected large regions between 100 and 600 years. Paleoclimate studies of the Northern Hemisphere have identified climatic events of 9.2, 8.2, 5.2, 4.2, 3.2 ka BP, Roman warming, the early medieval cooling, medieval warming, and Little Ice Age. Also, by adapting the archaeological studies and the paleoclimate research of Iran, other periods of climate change such as 7.5, 7, 6.2 and 4.8 ka BP can be introduced. Due to the vastness and geographical diversity of Iran, the impact of each of these events in different parts of the country has been different, but, in general, during droughts related to climate change, semi-arid to arid regions of Iran have been more vulnerable, and therefore, people were using a variety of strategies to resilience and adapt, such as changing subsistence patterns, managing water resources, and migrating. However, in some periods of climate change, the effects of climatic hazards have been such that it has led to the cultural, socio-economic and political decline of societies.

Natural and human factors are always a threat to the destruction and damage of ancient monuments, and depending on the type of area, each of these factors can be damaging; many historical sites have been destroyed or seriously damaged as a result of these circumstances. Using GIS, the threatened regions of historical sites in Lorestan's Khorramabad region were identified to take action to preserve them. Shapur Khast Fortress (Falakol aflak), Broken Bridge, Safavid Bridge (Gap Bridge), brick minaret, Khorramabad inscription, and Gerdab Sangi are among the region's known ancient sites. Effective factors in the destruction of ancient monuments are five criteria defined by professionals in the field, which include the distance from the waterway, distance from the streets, slope, height, and slope orientation, all of which are depicted on a geographical map. The model is next assessed utilizing modeling by fuzzy logic operators approach and identifying the effect of each criterion. The final result includes five vulnerability classes: very high, high, medium, low, and very low. In this study, the AND operator provides the optimal risk-adjusted state, which has been proven by empirical verification and historical sources.

A recent trend in photogrammetry is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for photogrammetric purposes. A data acquisition sensor is mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle to collect data during short-range aerial photogrammetry from a low altitude. This system is capable of filling a significant gap left by other conventional methods in the field of map production. The improvement in processes over conventional methods is the basis for this method's effectiveness. A significant portion of valuable data is obtained after the first processing stage as a result of automation in all data production processes. Real orthoimages, 3D models, and a detailed point cloud of the area are all included in this data. Drawing and mapping maps have gotten much easier, more accurate, and quicker thanks to modern software. We are looking for ways to use these kinds of methods in documenting the archaeological heritage in this article by applying this method at the historic site of Susa. The experts and practitioners in this field will benefit from this method, which is a collection of the most effective techniques for geometric measurement, analysis, and interpretations related to issues raised in archaeology.

With specialized research and activities, archeology introduces many features such as old and ancient areas, ethnicities, cultural traditions, artistic handicrafts and the diverse climate and ecosystem of Iran to attract tourists. The formation of a positive sense in tourists about tourism destinations, taking into account the synergistic approach, also strengthens the sense of pride in the local community. On the other hand, increasing the level of perceived quality of tourists leads to an increase in the satisfaction of tourists as customers of tourist places and becomes the basis for encouraging managers and planners to try to provide more services with better quality. If the environment of tourism destinations lacks the desired quality, it will affect the perception of the tourist about the space and as a result, his mental image of the environment. In addition to motivating and introducing tourist attractions, archeology can provide the basis for the participation of government institutions and private sector investors in order to provide facilities and revive tourism dimensions. Reconstruction of historical contexts, anthropology, linguistics, traditional arts and other related sciences, can provide a suitable platform for economic growth and development, along with the development of tourism in the region and the world for Iranian society. According to the above, in this study, the researcher attempted to investigate the role of archeology studies and the quality of the rural environment in the development of tourism. This study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection, and is based on observation, interview, questionnaire and statistical data. In the present study, two methods of documentary and survey studies have been used. The statistical population included experts in the field of tourism and planning. The statistical sample of the research is about n=10. In addition to seeing the sights and natural landscapes of those places, tourists become familiar with the customs and culture of that village. In this way, tourists are interested in buying village products, such as handicrafts, local products, etc., and this means an increase in the income of villagers who work directly or indirectly in this industry. Most studies are demanded and focused on visitors and their needs and motivations.