Jews

This paper takes a broad and novel approach to analysing the Iranian Jewish community of Iran, both as a distinct group and as a constituent part of Iran’s wider population sharing its national culture. The goal was to find a new way of addressing the topic, avoiding many ambiguities, and bringing all discourse back to its starting point: Iranian identity. If we identify Persian roots as the focus and the heart of our investigation, and we establish that a cultural study of the Iranian Jewscannot be separated from Iranian identity itself, we not only shift attention to a common denominator that links a variety of topics, but raise new questions, new issues, and new considerations. The aim was to identify an analytical tool through which we could interpret and relate various outlooks on Iranian identity: the analysis led us to consider religion as the source of a common sense of belonging, in contrast to most scholars whose work is predicated on the dichotomy of “secularism vs religion.” Instead, the Iranian identity discourse that emerges from this paper finds connections and affinities across the common dividing lines represented by religion, ethnicity, and geography. Reinforcing an Iranian discourse through the Jewish experience can constitute a valid response to the deep crisis of the Iranian national question and the enhancement of national, economic, and religious alliances. This paper employs a qualitative approach to the framework ofnational identity, based on the idea of its progressive character and related to the concept of identity as socially constructed. The theoretical assumptions expressed throughout this paper have found their empirical explanation in fieldwork that the author conducted in Iran in 2019.

The significance of the role of interest groups in domestic politics in the US and EU countries is an undeniable fact. Lobbies, as a kind of interest group, play a crucial role in shaping the foreign policy of western countries. Israeli lobbies increasingly seek to transform the US and EU approaches in the Middle East in favor of Israel interests. In cooperation with their American counterparts, Israeli lobbyists struggle to strengthen their political presence in the EU states to ensure the achievement of their political aims. This article tries to explore these lobbyists’ objectives and activities in recent years across Europe. Findings indicate that they are committed to fighting anti-Semitism in Europe, to inhibit the growth of the BDS movement, to deviate the peace process in the Middle East from its normal path and toward Israel interests, to persuade EU leaders to take strict measures against Iran and the last, but not the least, to delegitimize Iran and Hezbollah in EU institutions and provoke EU states to recognize Hezbollah as a terrorist organization. This article basically seeks to explore the reasons behind Israelis’ efforts to establish Jewish lobbies across Europe. . To answer the research question, a case study of Israeli lobbies, established by influential Jews in the EU countries, is conducted.

Since the 16th century, evangelical Christians have always made extensive efforts to attract Jews and Christians and tried to induce the thinking of managing the events of the end of time and making the appearance of Christ come into being. They have done major works such as author-ing books, writing many articles, holding congresses, and influencing them; Because they be-lieve that one of the steps of the reappearance of Christ is the return of all Jews to Palestine and the support of the Israeli government so that currently the most essential concern of evangelical Christians is; The issue is the territory, power, and survival of the Zionist regime. Therefore, the question arises, what role do evangelical Christians play in Israel's survival and regional hegem-ony? The hypothesis of the article states that the evangelist current is a cultural, political, and discourse current that relies on Talmudic and Torah teachings and the support of Western coun-tries, especially the United States of America, as well as influence in the mass media today, has been able to survive and regional hegemony. become a Zionist regime, and this article, based on the descriptive-explanatory method and using the discourse analysis theory of Laclau and Mouffe, tried to examine how evangelical Christian’s influence and support the survival of the Zionist regime.

Verse 106 of Surah al-Baqarah , known as the "Verse of Abrogation ( Naskh ),"  is one of the most important pieces of evidence cited by those who believe in abrogation ( Naskh ) within the Quran. They argue that this verse explicitly refers to the abrogation of Quranic verses. Aside from the internal textual analysis of the verse, dating this verse and the abrogating verses can aid in a correct understanding of it. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to examine the date of revelation of Verse 106 of al-Baqarah and the abrogating verses, and in doing so, analyzes the historical relationship between this verse and the abrogating verses in terms of dating. The research findings indicate that the abrogating verses were revealed after Verse 106 of Surah al-Baqarah . Therefore, the meaning of abrogating Quranic verses based on this verse is rendered meaningless, as no abrogation had occurred before this verse for God to then refer to the philosophy of abrogating Quranic verses. The correct meaning of this verse, considering its dating and the context of its revelation is the abrogation of previous divine laws by the Holy Quran.