مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Iran


۶۱.

Identification and Prioritization of Factors Affecting the Creation of Rural Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Rural entrepreneurship opportunities Influencing factors ANP-DEMATEL Method Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۰۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۸
Purpose- To identify and prioritize factors influencing the creation of rural entrepreneurship opportunities in Iran Design/methodology/approach- A deductive approach was adopted. In this applied research, a mixed method was employed, which consisted of a descriptive-analytical method and a survey. The main data gathering tool was questionnaire. The research population comprised of university professors specialized in the field of rural entrepreneurship, rural entrepreneurs, rural managers and rural experts (n=30). In the first step, based on a review of literature, indicators influencing the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities were identified, and then the ANP-DEMATEL was used for evaluation and prioritization of the indicators. Findings- Based on cause-effect chart, the economic and infrastructural factors were assigned to the category of causes and individual, socio-cultural and political factors to the category of effects. On the other hand, the economic and political factors had the highest and lowest interaction with other factors, respectively. The results of the integrated analytical network process (ANP) and DEMATEL method showed that the economic factor had the greatest effect followed by infrastructural, sociocultural and individual components (with slight weight difference). The political component with the value of 0.1253 not only had the lowest importance, but was significantly different from other factors in terms of weight values. Research limitations/implications- Measuring the effects of factors influencing the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities along with their interrelation and mutual impact using a system approach or ISM technique. Practical implications- Given the myriad of problems affecting rural areas, such as unemployment, migration of rural labor to urban areas and diminished sense of belonging, among other things, it is essential to pay greater attention to entrepreneurship and its implementation to achieve sustainable rural development. Besides, by identifying the root causes and factors influencing rural entrepreneurship, it is possible to offer solutions for organizing entrepreneurship. If policy makers, planners, and rural managers adopt these strategies, sustainable rural development could be reinforced. Originality/value- Providing the most important indicators influencing the creation of rural entrepreneurship opportunities, prioritizing and measuring the impact of those factors on each other using ANP-DEMATEL method. In particular, the results of this research can benefit managers and decision makers in the field of rural entrepreneurship. The results can also be beneficial to universities, higher education institutions and students.
۶۲.

Explaining the Landscape Identity Components in the Tourist Villages with Valuable Texture in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: landscape Landscape identity Village landscape Landscape identity components Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۱۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳۷
Purpose - Examination and recognition of the processes and mechanisms governing the physical environment of villages and the factors of rural landscape structure have its specific and unique characteristics. These valuable features are applicable in the research process, planning, and plans approaches, as well as in spatial planning to pay for the open environment and rural landscape development. Therefore, the main objective of the research is recognition of the landscape identity components in the tourism villages with valuable texture. These components can be used in the plans and texture restoration of the villages to have a sustainable landscape. Design/methodology/approach- The research is a descriptive-analytic study with the quantitative method by applying a questionnaire that completed by university’s professors and authorities of organs that are related to valuable textures with this important question: what are the landscape identity components and which one of them is so important? By identifying the components, extracting the items and operating the components, collecting and analyzing the data through the SPSS software, performing the ANOVA test and Tukey's test, the components of landscape was identified. These components are readability, vitality, beauty, security and safety, diversity and variety, belonging, accessibility, cultural history, semantics, visual proportions, and physical quality, social, economic, and environmental. Finally, their significance has been determined relative to each other. Finding- The main hypothesis was the importance of the economic (functional-activity) and perceptual components that are based on the findings of the research which ultimately have been ranked in the Tukey’s test table based on the importance of ranking. The ten components in the second column of the components are the most important and the three components in the first column are less important components and two common components are in the first and second columns. The results showed that the economic component (performance-activity) was the most important of all with an average value of 2.61. Within the perceptual components; the historical-cultural component with an average value of 2.55 ranked after the economic component (first rank) and social component (second) as the third important component and the average value of social component was obtained 2.55, so it can be said that the hypothesis was confirmed. According to the results, to have a sustainable perspective for the future, all these components should be considered more prominently in the plans and projects than in the past. While the same research has already not been done on landscape identity in villages, then this research can be the beginning of development and applied research in rural regions.
۶۳.

Policies and Planning Approach: Challenges and Opportunities for Local Stakeholders' Empowerment and Sustainable Development (Case Study: South and South-East Villages of Tehran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Rural Planning Empowerment Sustainable Development Rual areas Tehran Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۱۱
Purpose - The present study aims to examine the challenges and opportunities for local stakeholders' empowerment related to rural planning in Iran. In general, the current approach of planning process from making decision to implementation and monitoring is based on instrumental rationalism approach, irrespective of the villagers’ viewpoints. Urban – Rural divided planning has created some challenges for sustainable rural development and opportunities for improving environmental-ecological and socio-economic indicators, which have been ignored . Design/Methodology/Approach- Less attention has been paid to local stakeholders' empowerment in planning methods and procedures, which is regarded as an obstacle for the promotion of the indicators related to sustainable rural development. The present study was based on a descriptive – analytical method. Correlation test and multivariate regression were used to provide a meaningful framework. Library and field studies were used for data collection. Library method was used to understand the impact of policy implementation and planning approach on the socio-economic empowerment of local stakeholders for their socio-economic participation in sustainable rural development and the study of previous research experiences and other countries on appropriate planning. The statistical population of the study is 124 villages in south and southeast of Tehran. Random sample size for completing the questionnaire of local authorities at village level, using Cochran formula and its adjustment formula for small statistical population, with 95% confidence level and probability of 0.05 and prediction of variance S2 0.25 = sample size of 54 villages was achieved. In these 54 villages, 450 questionnaires were completed according to size by specifying sample size in each village .The validity of the research questionnaire was conducted by experts in organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha was 0.801. Findings- The results indicated that local stakeholder's generative empowerment is important although unproductive empowerment is increasingly overcoming. In addition, the possible effects of this process have been identified. Thus, problem-oriented planning is necessary for formulating a community-based approach optimally and strengthening social capital, which is not based on current instrumental rationalism approach. Thus, for the best planning with a community-based approach and the reinforcement of social capital, the group to convene is needed in the process and problem-oriented planning is important. This is inconsistent with the techno centrism rationalism approach.
۶۴.

Sport behind Public Diplomacy; Functional Components of Sport Diplomacy in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: diplomacy Fuzzy Delphi Method Iran Peace Sport

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۸۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۲
The purpose of this study is to identify the role of sport as a soft power for Iran to facilitate its diplomatic relations after the nuclear deal. The research method used in this study is mixed (qualitative and quantitative): in the qualitative part of the analysis, the study sample was selected via Snowball sampling based on partricipants’ expertise in the sport diplomacy of Iran after two rounds of Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) exploratory factor analysis. Seven components of political currents, cultural exchange, peacemaking, national unity, economic development, transformation, communication, and religious currents were extracted. After identifying the study’s research variables in a structural-interpretive modeling, the relationship between variables was examined through a structural equation modeling test. The results of the structural equation model indicated that political currents, cultural exchange, transformation and communication had a direct and significant effect on national unity. The relationship between political and peacebuilding was not confirmed, but national unity and excellence in peace diplomacy had a direct and significant impact on the economic development of societies.
۶۵.

Iran and Canada Relations Main Obstacles and Bilateral Perspectives

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Canada North America Middle East international security

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۸۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۷
Despite Iran’s critical relations with USA since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Canada had often played the role of an honest broker and maintained relations with Iran, con-trary to the US. Although the Canadian Government has not viewed the Iranian regime as democratic actor, it was interested in pursuing diplomacy for moderating the Iranian Policies too. Iran and Canada relations have passed the numerous ups and downs in the diplomatic, political and economic affairs. As our major question, this study aims at in-vestigating the main factors, which affect the structure of bilateral relations. Canada has controlled engagement policy limits talks with Iran down to four main subjects: Iran’s human rights situation, its regional role, notably towards Israel and the Middle East Peace Process, its nuclear program and an unfair accusation claiming a supportive role for Iran in world terrorism. Insisting on the principles of its foreign policy with its own reasonable justifications, Iran has tried to test various ways for conserving some levels of cooperation particularity economic and for keeping so the limited links with North America. Relaying on discourse analysis, the article tries to elaborate the related issues by looking at the perspectives of both parties.
۶۶.

Israeli-Arab Relations; from Dream to Reality

کلیدواژه‌ها: Israel Iran Arab Countries Palestine New Israeli regional strategy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۷
This study intends to review Israel's efforts to increase political and economic relations with Arab countries. It is clear that most Arab countries did not have any ties with Israel since the 1980s, and only two Egyptian states had established political relations with Israel since the 1973 war. But over the past few years, and especially after the start of the third millennium, a new trend has been formed by the Israeli authorities, which is still ongoing. This exit-isolation process is aimed at establishing friendships with Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and other Arab league members. However, the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution and the initiation of a new ideology in the Middle East brought the new Israeli regional strategy closer to speed, and Iran gradually became the main enemy of the two sides’ in the third millen-nium. It seems that the Arab countries have forgotten their aspirations towards the Pal-estinian people and help Israel achieve its goals.
۶۷.

The effect of the main variable of Money Market on stock price index in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Stoke Price Index Three Stage Least Square Interest Rate Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۴
The Stock Exchange is a private sector savings and liquidity fund to fund long-term investment projects. The indicators of this market are influenced by several factors, one of which are economic variables. Banks are also one of the most important investors in the financial market. In this study, the effect of exchange rate, bank interest rate, liquidity and inflation rate on stock price index using time series data of 1978-1988 and using equation system model of four equations of the stock price index, inflation rate, profit rate Deposits, and facility interest rates were estimated using the three-stage least squares method. The results showed that the effect of the exchange rate, deposit interest rate and positive liquidity volume and the effect of inflation rate on stock price index was negative. Other equations have been estimated because of the relationship between the bank interest rate and inflation rate, and the results show that both deposit interest rate and facility interest rate have a positive relationship with the inflation rate
۶۸.

The Effect of Economic Growth Rate Uncertainty on Financing Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Economic Growth Rate Finance Iran SMEs Uncertainty

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۴۸
Today, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in both developing and developed economies. However, the uncertainty of macroeconomic indicators, such as economic growth, may affect financing and investment of the SMEs in an economy. The present study explores the effect of the economic growth rate uncertainty on financing SMEs in Iran. To this end, the study has applied the Brownian motion approach to calculate the uncertainty of the economic growth rate. The study has also considered relevant data of the Iranian SMEs compiled by the Comprehensive Database of All Listed Companies (CODAL). We have examined the SMEs with less than 100 employees throughout 2011-2017. The empirical results show that the effect of the economic growth rate uncertainty on the selected Iranian SMEs financing has been negative and statistically significant, while it seems an effective challenge to such firms in order to finance their productive investment. JEL Classification:D81, G21, L25, E43.
۶۹.

Structural Changes and the Index of Economic Well-being: Empirical Evidence from the Iranian Economy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Index of Economic Well-Being Structural Change Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۵۰ تعداد دانلود : ۵۷۵
It is a well-established empirical fact that economic growth and development brings about major changes in sectorial output, employment, and consumption structure. In the context of economic development discussion, structural change refers to the change in key components of macroeconomic indicators, including national production and expenditure, exports and imports, population, and the sectorial composition of labor. Considering the importance of human capital for economic growth and development, the most important of the above factors is the labor market and the sectorial composition of employment. Another important dimension of economic development is economic well-being. In this study, we formulated and calculated two indicators called the Coefficient of Structural Change of Iran (CSCI) and the Index of Economic Well-Being of Iran (IEWBI), and then used the vector autoregressive (VAR) modeling method and the software EViews v.10 to analyze the impact of structural changes of Iranian economy on IEWBI. The results indicate the positive effect of structural changes and therefore development policies on the economic well-being of Iran when the weighting scheme of IEWBI was biased in favor of the consumption flow dimension, and the negative effect in other cases. JEL: C39, I31, O11.
۷۰.

The Effect of Climate Change on Economic Growth (Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model Approach in Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: climate change Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model economic growth Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۸۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷۴
Climate change is one of the most important issues affecting different economic sectors. Although this phenomenon has had a larger effect on the agricultural sector due to the heavy dependence of agriculture on weather conditions as compared to the other economic sectors, other economic sectors such as the industry, mining and service sectors are also influenced by weather changes due to their intra-sector dependence on the agricultural sector. Accordingly, the effect of climate change on the economic growth of Iran was examined in this research using the DynamicComputable General Equilibrium (DCGE) model. Our investigation revealed that the decrease in the precipitation in the twenty-year horizon (2011 to 2030) will reduce consumption in all sectors. Moreover, while production in the agriculture and mining sectors declines, it escalates with a descending trend in the industry and service sectors. Based on our findings, as a result of the decreased investment in the other sectors, investment in the agriculture, industry, and mining sectors decreases, whereas it rises in the service sector. Given the research results and the challenge of climate change facing this country, the Iranian government must devise a master practical plan to adapt to and confront this phenomenon and reduce its adverse effects.
۷۱.

Identity and Foreign Policy

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Structuralism Identity Foreign policy Iran Islamic Republic

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۰۶
The culture and identity have occupied the second place in international theories and foreign policy analysis. At first the structuralism approach as a social theory and subse-quently in international relations and foreign policy has attempted to analyze non-corporeal factors such as culture the norms and values on foreign policy. Since culture identity norms and values were an integral part of Iran's Revolution it has also influenced Iran's foreign policy as a result of these issues. In this research I attempted to study the elements that form the identity of Islamic republic of Iran’s sys-tem such as being Iranian Islamic and global and then we analyzed the effect of Iran’s political system in foreign policy. Thus the author’s goal is to analyze Iran’s foreign policy by using a descriptive analytical method in terms of structuralism. The author believes that structuralism may have a better way of describing the behavior of Iran’s foreign policy and natio
۷۲.

Iranian Energy Diplomacy in the Caspian Sea

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics Iran Energy Diplomacy Caspian Basin US

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۱۷
After the Soviet Union fragmentation, the Caspian basin, containing considerable resources especially oil and gas reserves, has gained more geopolitical importance. Iran enjoys a distinguished position in the Caspian region, while deprived from advantages of this position. US tends to isolate the Islamic Republic of Iran because its anti-dominance struggle prevents Iran from enjoying its geo-strategic and geo-economic privileged op-portunities including its unique transit situation. Iran's energy diplomacy in the Caspian basin has failed because of Iran-US antagonism and US efforts to reduce Iran's geostra-tegic position by exerting pressure on the Caspian states to transport energy from routes other than Iran.In this article, we intend to examine which of these two are more impor-tant and influential. The hypothesis we are going to discuss in this paper is: The discre-pancy of Caspian states’ diplomacy and discourse has been one of the main factors of the failure in Iran’s energy diplomacy. Therefore, the main question is: Why Iran's energy diplomacy has not been successful in Caspian Basin?
۷۳.

Structural Macroeconomic Capacity to a Reaction in Economic Policy Shocks : The Case of Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Integrated IMF/World Bank Model Macroeconomic Policy Simulation Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱۷
The aim of this paper is to simulate the effects of some macroeconomic policy tools on production and inflation of Iran by the current worldwide financial and real crisis. The theoretical framework of the analysis is based on the so-called €˜IMF/World Bank Integrated Model€™ which is the synthesis (a merger) of the basic monetary approach of the Balance of Payments used at the Fund for designing its adjustment programs, and of the growth Harrodian type model, used at the Bank for its macroeconomic projections for an open economy. This integrated Model has been calibrated for the Iranian case, over the period 1979-2009, and its empirical form has been used for estimating the effects on global output and inflation of three channels of economic policy: restriction in government spending, changes in domestic credit policy as well in exchange rate. The dynamic simulation results, over the period 2006-2009, show that a decrease in government spending is an appropriate policy to reduce the inflationary pressures, even though it has negative effect on economic growth, the domestic credit expansion to private sector creates economic growth considerably higher than an increase in the level of consumer price while devaluation has not had considerable effect on economic growth through exports or imports.       JEL Classification: E00, E21, E22, E50, E51, E52     [1] Corresponding Author, Email: parastoo.shajari@gmail.com
۷۴.

Challenges and Prospects for Bilateral Trade and Investment between Iran and South Korea(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran South Korea Bilateral Trade IIT RCA FDI

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۴
This paper aims to identify key challenges facing Iran and South Korea in their bilateral trade and investment relations. In particular, it is concerned with the policy implications which can be useful for policy makers and business people of both countries. For this purpose, we review and analyze the recent developments of the Iranian economy and bilateral trade and investment relations between Iran and Korea as well. Then, we discuss how the impact of the recent economic sanction imposed on Iran has affected the economy and the economic relations between Iran and Korea. Finally, this paper identifies the pattern of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) at the 2 digit sector level of the Harmonized System of classification. The analysis shows no similarities in the structure of comparative advantage for Iran and Korea. After identifying some key challenges, we discuss how both sides can overcome the obstacles to boost the mutually beneficial trade and investment.      JEL Classification: F11, F14    
۷۵.

Effect of Productivity on Export: New Evidence from Iran’s Manufacturing Industries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Heterogeneous Firms total factor productivity Exports Manufacturing Industries Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۴
 Based on the recent literature of heterogeneous firms, productive firms self select themselves into foreign markets. In this framework, there is a productivity rise prior to exporting. On the other words, different export performance across firms is linked to their heterogeneity.   The main purpose of the present paper is to examine the so-called hypothesis of heterogeneous firm in Iran. For this, we have used the last Iranian manufacturing industries data at 4 digit aggregation of ISIC classification during 2000-2010 and examined the hypothesis by using generalized method of moments. The obtained results show that productivity has a relationship with export in both short and long run. So, productivity enhances the competitiveness of the firms in international markets and then firms with high productivity enter global market and consequently export increases. Based on the results, the hypothesis is verified. Regarding to the importance of export in economic development, we suggest that it should be paid more attention to productivity in industrial development policies.         JEL Classification: F12, L1.
۷۶.

Capital Flight and Economic Growth in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Capital flight economic growth ARDL Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۵
Beginning in the mid-1980s, the phenomenon of capital flight from developing countries received considerable attention in the economics literature. Capital flight destroys the domestic macroeconomic environment and decreases transparency and accountability. It restricts financial resources when a country is looking for economic growth and development. The purpose of this article is to measure the amount of capital flight in Iran during 1981-2012, and to investigate the long-run effects of estimated capital flight on the Iranian economic growth in this period. To do so, the amount of capital flight in Iran has been measured using World Bank (1985) and Erbe (1985) approach. Then, the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) procedure has been applied in order to estimate a growth equation. Results show that capital flight has a negative impact on economic growth in Iran. JEL Classification: O4, E22, C01.  
۷۷.

On the Status of Iran’s Oil Trade with China in Pre- Nuclear Deal(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran China Oil Trade Sanctions Oil Export

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۵
Energy has been the main pillar of the global growth and development. Amongst various sources of energy, oil has the largest share in the global energy consumption. As these energy reserves tend to decline, few regions, most notably the Middle East which has been at the forefront with the largest reserves, can fulfill the rising global energy demand. Even then, in view of its vast energy potential, this region has attracted the attention of the growing economies of the world. This paper intends to look at one of the significant producers in the Persian Gulf energy market, Iran, and its energy relations with the Asian giant, China, from the International Relations perspective. Having a wide variety of capacities, Iran-China relations in recent years has made special dynamics, so that in different fields, this relationship has been steadily expanding and deepening. One of the most important capacity building areas in Iran-China relations is energy. The area of energy certainly has played the most important role in the dynamics of these relationships. Potential opportunities of bilateral cooperation between Iran and China in the field of energy are wide, and in case of realization it can have positive consequences of the political and security. The aim of this paper is to cover the current oil trade situation between the two countries as well as the existing problems that are limiting the growth of this relation such as international sanctions and at the end some suggestions in order to enlarge the trade between the two countries. In conclusion, we can say that a massive capacity on the basis of "energy" in relations between Iran and China have emerged that can be used to promote economic relations between the two countries in the framework of a comprehensive strategy that benefits both countries and the region. This Capacity must be accompanied with "mutual desire” to take place. Especially noteworthy is that the existing capacities should not only be considered as "energy economy" and cooperation in the field of energy, but also should be seen as the overall framework of "security" and "Asian solidarity”.  JEL Classification:  F14,  F18
۷۸.

The analysis of water trade in Persian Gulf Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Virtual Water Trade Agricultural Goods Management of Water Resource Iran Persian Gulf Countries

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۱
During the recent years, water deficiency has been lead to innovation of modern techniques for saving water in countries which suffered from the shortage of water supplies. One of the notable concepts in this regards is the concept of virtual water trade in management of water supplies. The concept of virtual water trade is defined synonymously as the sum of the needed water for production of certain quantity of a product. Accordingly, prevention from exportation of products, which may lead to exiting water from the country and emphasis on importation of water-bearing products, is considered as one of the strategies which have been taken by some countries in the management of their own restricted water supplies. This strategy means that the water supplies of countries should be employed for manufacturing of the products, which are followed by further income economically. The present article is an innovation in calculating virtual water values by 6-digit SITC codes for all sectors of the economy in the selected countries (Persian Gulf countries). For each commodity code exported and imported in countries, the amount of virtual water (cubic meters per ton) is also calculated. In this regard, the rate of hidden water in imports and exports of the aforesaid countries during 2001 to 2012 is explored. The results reveal the fact that Iran has not taken any certain defined strategy regarding the management of water supplies by means of virtual water concept. JEL Classification: Q18, Q25, O13
۷۹.

A Glance at Burial Rites in Pithos of Arsacids era Located in Western Region of Central Zagros (Marivan)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۳
Pithos burial is a common burial method in Arsacids era. Various cemeteries of this era have been unearthed until now but there wasn’t any reference about historical and archaeological condition of Marivan’s region and the existence of pithos because of the lack of enquiry and archaeological studies. Fortunately, by with research effort, some pithos cemeteries with diverse burial from Arsacids era were discovered and excavated. The study attempts to describe some invaluable information regarding migrant Arsacids religious out look and their burial practices near Zaribar lake.
۸۰.

Some Archaeobotanical Evidence for Environment, Plant Use, Agriculture, and Interregional Contact in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۱
If we go through the evolution of human society, we will come to know that plants have always played important role in human life. Human settlement, quite often, shifted from one place to another in search of natural vegetation. Whether man was hunter, or concentrated on animal husbandry, or even became cultivators, they needed green surrounding for their day-to-day life. The present paper tries to highlight the historicity of botanical environment on the basis of plant remains, from the different archaeological sites of Iran. To ascertain the relationship between human being and plants, in Iran or elsewhere, archaeologists followed various techniques and analyses such as pollen analysis, charred seeds and woods analysis, organic residue analysis as well as ethno- archeology. This paper, particularly on the basis of archaeobotanical analysis, tries to show how the plant and seed remains demonstrate cultural interregional contacts.