مطالب

Purpose: The integration of visual and verbal modes in educational materials, particularly in school textbooks, plays a chief role in enhancing the learning experience. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the intersemiotic complementarity of verbal and visual modes in three English school textbooks from two countries with different policies toward English education at public schools, Iran and Malaysia. Methodology: Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes the intersemiotic complementarity within English school textbooks used in the first grade of high school in Iran and Malaysia, focusing on three selected textbooks: Prospect 1 (Iran), Form 1 (Malaysia), and Pulse 2 (Malaysia). The analysis was guided by Royce's (1998) framework for intersemiotic complementarity, with a particular emphasis on the ideational metafunction. This involved examining the coherence between visual representations (images) and textual content (dialogues) to assess how these elements complement each other in conveying educational content and facilitating learning. Findings: The analysis revealed a marked disparity in the integration of visual and verbal modes between the textbooks from the two countries. Iranian textbooks, specifically Prospect 1, demonstrated a significant disconnect between images and text, often leading to confusion and potentially hindering students' learning. In contrast, the Malaysian textbooks (Form 1 and Pulse 2) exhibited a high level of intersemiotic complementarity, with images effectively supporting and enhancing the textual content, thereby facilitating a more cohesive and comprehensible learning experience for students. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the importance of cohesive integration of visual and verbal elements in textbooks to support effective learning, highlighting the need for strategic multimodal design in educational materials. By ensuring a cohesive integration of visual and verbal elements, textbooks can become more effective tools in enhancing comprehension and improving learning outcomes. This research contributes to the growing discourse on multimodal education, suggesting pathways for future investigations into the optimization of textbook design for enhanced educational impact.

Purpose: Students with social anxiety have many problems in the cognitive emotion regulation. As a result, the aim of this study was to comparison the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and transactional behavior analysis on the cognitive emotion regulation of students with social anxiety. Methodology: This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up design with a control group. The research population was female senior high school with social anxiety in governmental schools of Ashkhane city in the academic years of 2022-2023. In this study, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups. Each of the experimental groups was trained in 10 sessions of 90 minute separately and as a group with dialectical behavior therapy and transactional behavior analysis methods, and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tool was Connor et al social anxiety inventory (2000) and Garnefski and Kraaij cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (1996), and the data obtained from their implementation were analyzed by methods of analysis variance with repeated measure and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS version 25 software. Findings: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of improving cognitive emotion regulation of students with social anxiety, and both methods of dialectical behavior therapy and transactional behavior analysis in compared to the control group significantly improved their cognitive emotion regulation in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). ). Also, there was no significant difference between the both methods of dialectical behavior therapy and transactional behavior analysis in improve of cognitive emotion regulation of students with social anxiety (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, therapists, counselors, and psychologists can use dialectical behavior therapy and transactional behavior analysis along with other treatment methods to improve the cognitive emotion regulation of students.