درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Amlash is one of the most important parts of Guilan Province in northern Iran. It has endured unending political and military turmoil due to its special geopolitical and geostrategic position, during the early and middle Islamic eras. The establishment of numerous castles in the area is one of the manifestations of this state of affairs during that period. This study, based on library and field study, is aimed at analyzing the factors that might have led to the formation of the castles. The library studies included a review of literature on military castles and fortresses for an analysis of the factors that might have contributed to the castles in the Amlash region. The field studies included direct observation of the locating, photographic imaging, and numerical measurement and topographical features of those castles.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of urban planning indicators affecting smart housing in Baghdad. The method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. Data collection has been done in library and field. The statistical population of the study was experts and experts in the field of housing in Baghdad, and 86 experts were selected as the sample size using the Delphi sampling method. The findings show that the information technology index with 22.78 and the index of intelligent systems with 15.79 had the highest and lowest level of intelligence of residential buildings. Also, the results of structural equations show that in the physical component between the criteria of the information technology index, the existence of a digital building map 0.307 and in the environmental component between the criteria of the energy consumption index, the use of new methods of energy dissipation with a 0.411 and in the physical component and the index of smart systems, the criterion of controlling equipment with mobile applications and tablets, have the most effect on the intelligence of residential buildings in Baghdad. in order to improve the quality of life of the residents, save energy consumption, and prevent accidents, the need for urban managers to pay attention to smart technology is essential.

One of the most important destinations that has affected the world's tourism trends over the past decades is rural centers. The growth of short-term trips has transformed these destinations into major tourist centers, and this phenomenon is evident in the decrease in the average length of stay of tourists in many destinations worldwide. Villages are multi-purpose tourist destinations and play a significant role as centers of tourism activity. Archaeology has made significant contributions to the understanding of past cultures and civilizations and has brought fresh perspectives to the social sciences and arts. The methods of conducting archaeological research and the process of reaching desired results are of considerable interest to the general public, especially those who are interested in sensory and tangible exploration; therefore, the best approach to popularize archaeology is to establish its connection with tourism. Tourism shares common fields of knowledge and activities with archaeology and has made significant efforts in the development, preservation, revitalization, and enhancement of structures and monuments resulting from archaeological activities. Now, due to the common issues between archaeology and tourism, they can establish a close relationship in the cultural field. This research aims to focus on ancient and historical works as tourist attractions and as factors generating income and long-term development needs in this sector, which leads to the necessary groundwork for the sustainable development of tourism based on a historical and cultural approach. This analysis is a mixed methodological approach based on observation, interviews, questionnaires, and statistical data

Central Asia is a key unit of archaeological studies of the Ancient Near East and an issue for important questions such as primary states, Aryan people immigration has a unique role in archaeological activities. Considering the geographical location of Dargaz (Dargaz) Plain at the periphery of Central Asia, it is a vital area in the archaeology of the northeastern part of the Iranian Central Plateau and Central Asia. The region is ideally situated to research regional relationships and inter-regional interactions between those cultural-geographical regions due to its ecological potential and geographic location. Archaeologically, to comprehend Cultural Similarities in Dargaz Plain, many studies and surveys have been done since the beginning of the 20th Century. However, because of the lack of more detailed excavation in this area, the quality of cultural material of Central Asia and the Iranian Central Plateau is reassessing continuously. The first archaeological survey by Kohl and Heskel in 1978 reveals the similarities between Central Asia and this area. The Following works were done for the sake of making known the prehistoric Sites, their interaction with neighboring regions, and their ecosystem but it remains incomplete. Twenty-one prehistoric settlements have remained in the area, dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age I/III, according to archaeological studies carried out during these years. The majority of the locations that have been found are the ruins of dispersed villages and seasonal camps that were scattered throughout the plain, as well as at inaccessible heights and other locations. With an emphasis on the material culture, particularly the local ceramic traditions and the settlement patterns of the prehistoric site, this current work investigates the connection and interconnectedness of the Dargaz Plain and proposes novel prospects for future works. A study of the Dargaz Plain may shed new light on the social and cultural history of a larger region.

This paper tries to survey the use of geometric patterns in stucco decorations as an important identity and cultural element in the Sasanian era building designs. Seven frieze patterns were used in order to understand the practical geometry in Sasanian stucco. The studied stuccoes were found during archaeological excavations conducted between 2015 and 2017 at e Jahangir Dome and Guriye Stuccos in Eivan, Ilam province. In this article, the discovered stuccoes have been examined, results of which indicate that stuccoes can be divided into three categories based on their features and applications: geometric patterns, vegetal patterns, and animal patterns. Comparing these stuccoes with those found elsewhere such as Qale Yazdegerd, and Ctesiphon shows that the buildings of Jahangir Dome and Guriye were noble houses in the Sasanian period, with their vegetal motifs and mythological animals being e formed under the influence of religious and ritual elements. The survey of motifs on the base with seven frieze patterns shows artists’ adherence to the principle of symmetry and repetition.