درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

By utilizing the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model, this paper examines the effects of credit easing policy on macroeconomic variables with or emphasizing on production. For this purpose, a model has been design including 5 sectors of household, enterprises, banks, government and central bank. Considering the dominance of fiscal policy over monetary policy in the Iranian economy, the integrated constraint of the government and the central bank has been used. The model has been estimated using Bayesian method and quarterly time series data during 1991 to 2017. The results of Impulse Response Function show that implementation of this policy has increased consumption, investment, government spending and ultimately production, which indicates the effectiveness of this unconventional monetary policy to get the economy out of recession. Also, in response to the positive impulse of the central bank’s credit line to banks and the negative impulse of legal reserves, bank facilities increase, which is in line with theoretical expectations. The impact of the negative impulse of interbank market rate has also led to an increase in production credits. 

Nowadays, supply chains are highly vulnerable and prone to various risks due to geographical expansion and the complexity of communication networks. Sustainability in supply chains is increasingly seen as part of supply chain management. Sustainability has become a necessity, and every supply chain needs sustainability. However, the supply chain has a breadth and complexity of indicators. This paper aims to provide a model for evaluating the impact of the sustainable supply chain on organizational performance and efficiency in the National Iranian South Petroleum Company (NISOC). This study consists of two quantitative studies and a qualitative stage by designing several questions and using a mixed research method. The qualitative stage uses grounded theory methods following a systematic review of the literature on sustainable supply chain management and its adaptation to the local needs of the sustainable supply chain in one of the country’s largest oil companies. The statistical population of the research includes all employees of the NISOC with an unlimited number, of which 384 subjects are randomly selected as samples. In this study, a questionnaire is used as the data collection tool. The questionnaire designed in this research is based on a 5-point Likert scale. Options range from strongly agree to disagree strongly. The research hypotheses are tested using SmartPLS software. According to the results, the organizational performance and efficiency in the NISOC are affected by the green supply chain, industry supply chain, macro policies, socioeconomic factors, organizational factors, political factors, technology, manufactured products, customers, and supply chain failures. As shown in this study, using sustainable approaches to the supply chain of the petroleum company improves the situation of this organization and increases its effectiveness and efficiency. Further, the performance of individual components of organizations increases due to the sustainability model in this company