درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

the argument of the present research is based on the premise that assiduous attention to the transgenerational traumatic aspect of diasporic displacements not only gives voice to the often covert narratives of loss and pain encrypted in the diasporic literature, but it also sheds light on the process of the negotiation of subjectivities by both the first and the second-generation diasporic subjects. As a critical inquiry into the literary representations of diasporic subjectivities via a predominantly psychoanalytically-inspired approach, the present analysis of diasporic short fiction thus sits restlessly on the nexus of both diaspora studies and the psychoanalytic studies of trauma. Through a close textual analysis of two samples of short fiction authored by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and Tania James, the study seeks to present its intergenerational conception of diasporic subjectivities in the light of the theory of transgenerational haunting. It explores the ways in which different generations of diasporic subjects are haunted by the phantom of a (M)otherland whose uncanny shadow is woven into the confounding reality of diasporic life. This phantom constantly exposes the diasporic self to a psychic space of empathy whose emergence is facilitated by the presence of an external other who through cathartic interactions with the diasporic self endows her/him with a fair chance to (re-)negotiate her/his subjectivities. It is also to be placed on the threshold of a belated mourning for a hitherto-repressed oft-internalized sense of otherness, if not an oft-occluded shame of unbelongingness. 

The work of Slavoj Žižek includes the highly arguable concepts towards the re-articulation of the Lacanian notion of the death drive.This paper presents an expository trend joining the fragmentary depictions of the death drive inSuzan-Lori Parks's play, Father Comes Home from the Wars. The present analysis begins with tracing the most intuitive aspects of Žižek’s re-articulations of the concept in connection to the Freudian-Lacanian Psychoanalytical concepts of the death drive. Opposing the notions of the death drive as biological instinct, Žižek instead highlights the Lacanian notions of the excess of negativity, "undead" eternal life, and symbolic mortification. In Father Comes Home from the Wars, the death drive stimulates Hero as a social antagonist and allows him to defy his constraints as a slave and develop an entirely different man with a new form of subjectivity. His struggle towards freedom makes him the subject of conflict and disintegration. Hero's attempts are in vain and ineffective as freedom tends to figure forth to the Real and becomes the target of oppression. The paper ends with focusing on how the notion of self-relating negativity consolidates the foregoing Lacanian concepts and how the illusion of freedom opens up the experience of loss or trauma and undermines Hero's desire for emancipation.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the two patterns of textual structure act in stylistics, and which one is a more suitable choice for this type of research. The textual structure is a pattern for analysis of the story structure, which is presented as a component of narrative stylistics in the book  Stylistics  (Simpson, 2004). This research is conducted on an anecdote from Manteq ot-Tayr and an anecdote from Masnavi with Bayazid Bastami as the main character. The research methodology includes reviewing 6 stages of Labov's model and reviewing 31 functions and 7 characters of Prop's model on different parts of both anecdotes. The results of the study show that although both mentioned patterns are introduced for reviewing the textual structure of a story, though Labov's pattern for the textual structure is more suitable for analysis of mystical poems, and through its review, various aspects of the context of narrative discourse in an anecdote can be understood, Prop's model is more suitable for analysis of folk tales, and matches more with the structure of those tales. In folk tales, as prop believes, the story starts with wickedness (A), shortcoming or a need (a), and through some actions of the intermediary, it leads to marriage (w) or some other actions that are considered as the ending to the story, which we are not encountered in mystical poems. Hence, the application of the above models, which demonstrates the structure of the story, could be useful in narrative stylistics and Labov’s model is more efficient for mystical poetic anecdotes.  

В статье дается обзорное рассмотрение русских драматических и поэтических произведений, путевых записок 1750–1850-х гг., в которых обнаруживаются отражения религиозного миросозерцания, культуры, поэзии, национальных традиций ближневосточных народов. На материале литературы Нового времени показывается присутствие восточных тем и мотивов, в частности, в творчестве М.В. Ломоносова, А.А. Ржевского, В.И. Майкова, а в более поздний период – в произведениях В.А. Жуковского, А.А. Шишкова, А.С. Грибоедова, П.Д. Ознобишина, А.С. Пушкина, А.Г. Ротчева, А.Д. Илличевского, П.Г. Ободовского, Л.А. Якубовича, В.И. Туманского, М.Ю. Лермонтова, В.И. Соколовского. Рассматривается разработка ориентальных мотивов в творчестве А.К. Толстого, Я.П. Полонского, А.Н. Майкова. Речь идет также о путешествиях на Ближний Восток В.Г. Григоровича-Барского, Д.В. Дашкова, А.Н. Муравьева.

Mauriac et Ale-ahmad abordent les réalités sociales et profitent de la littérature pour exprimer leurs pensées sociales car les problèmes sociaux de leurs pays sont plus importants que d’autres nécessités. Leur sens de responsabilité et leur engagement ne leur permet pas de voir les problèmes sans rien dire ni écrire. Ils prennent la plume pour parler des réalités. Grâce à l’approche thématique et descriptive-analytique, cet article vise à montrer le reflet des réalités sociales dans Thérèse Desqueyroux de Mauriac et La Femme de trop d’Ale-ahmad d’après l’école réaliste. Les acquis de cette recherche démontrent la situation lamentable des femmes pendant une même époque en Iran et en France. Quelles sont les raisons pour lesquelles les personnages féminins de ces deux auteurs ne se sentent pas heureuses ? Pourquoi le mariage non plus ne peut leur apporter le bonheur qu’elles recherchent ? Mauriac et Ale-ahmad en révélant les souffrances des femmes, critiquent la situation de celles-ci et le patriarcat.