درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The Palestine-Israel conflict is among the most protracted disputes in recent history. Muslims and Jews have been competing for territorial, political and religious claims over the sacred land since the Ottoman Empire. The historical struggle, the establishment of the state of Israel against the wishes of local inhabitants, and Israel’s subsequent oppression and violence against Palestinians has pushed the region in an everlasting crisis, in which numerous regional and international actors are involved. Many proposals have been presented by different actors for a solution; however, neither the Palestinians nor Israelis have accepted the terms of such proposals. The idea of a two-state solution has been backed by different international actors for the lasting peace of this turbulent land, but political leaders of both Palestine and Israel have shown their reservations over this proposal. Leaders from both sides have argued for the one-state solution for many reasons. This article first discusses the existing proposals and efforts for the peaceful settlement of the land. It will then highlight the prospects and opinions of both Israel and Palestine over the status of refugees and their right of return and implementation of a two-state and one-state solution. The article will finally signpost the arguments from both sides for the resolution of the conflict, and suggest some findings by employing elite interviewing.

SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES:  The confluence of Islamic tradition and developmental psychology reveals a compelling paradigm for navigating adolescence. Grounded in the Prophetic three-phase model, i.e., nurture-discipline-consult, and substantiated by empirical research on authoritative parenting, Mashwarah (consultation) emerges as a transformative practice that balances autonomy and guidance by engaging adolescents in family decisions, builds competence, and strengthens relationships. This synthesis addresses a critical gap in parenting literature by systematizing consultation as an evidence-based tool while offering measurable benefits for individual and societal well-being. Future research should explore its cross-cultural adaptability and long-term impacts on civic engagement. METHOD & FINDING: This qualitative study combines Islamic teachings on Mashwarah with developmental psychology to show how involving adolescents in decision-making builds responsibility. Key findings reveal that structured consultation supports teens' cognitive growth (Inhelder), autonomy (Erikson), and moral reasoning (Kohlberg) while aligning with Prophetic nurturing methods. It strengthens responsibility through problem-solving, which builds self-efficacy (Bandura), better parent-child bonds (Steinberg), and intrinsic motivation. The research frames Mashwarah as an evidence-based, authoritative parenting style (Baumrind) that aligns with Islamic pedagogy and brain development (Giedd). Limitations include the need for cross-cultural studies, but the findings highlight Mashwarah as a culturally rooted tool for fostering responsible adulthood.  CONCLUSION: Consulting youths boosts their self-worth, cognitive skills, and independence, preparing them for responsible adult roles.

Objective : This study addresses the fabless manufacturing business model's increasing relevance and complexity of decision-making. The primary aim is to develop and evaluate a simulation model for analyzing competitive strategies and optimizing managerial decisions in fabless supply chains.  Methodology: An agent-based simulation approach was employed to model interactions between fabless companies and manufacturing factories. The decision-making process for manufacturing partners was based on three key criteria: quality, cost, and availability. The simulation was implemented using AnyLogic software and analyzed under competitive and non-competitive market scenarios. Validation was conducted using real-world data to ensure model accuracy and applicability. Results : The study reveals that the weighting of criteria—quality, cost, and availability—significantly affects company performance in fabless manufacturing supply chains. Companies prioritizing quality tend to gain long-term advantages, while those focusing on cost may achieve short-term profits but struggle with sustainability. Competition complicates the balance of these criteria, leading to increased system-wide costs. These findings emphasize the need for nuanced strategies in dynamic markets. Conclusion : The developed simulation model offers a robust quantitative framework for analyzing and optimizing decision-making in fabless manufacturing supply chains. It is a valuable decision-support tool for managers, enabling them to adopt optimal strategies that reduce costs, enhance product quality, and improve customer satisfaction in dynamic and competitive market conditions.