درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Throughout the evolution of humanity, various factors have influenced human life, enhanced its quality and sometimes posed threats. One could argue that humans have experienced nomadism, urbanization, and the industrial revolution, as well as technological transformation throughout the evolution of their lives. Just as the advent of machines transformed the face of cities, today, the in-troduction of technology and virtual services has revolutionized them. The theory of smart cities, based on information and communication technology, attempts to intelligently transform various layers of the city in order to address current problems and improve the quality of life. Despite the numerous advantages of smart cities, their implementation is considered challenging and complex. Many cities face failure in implementing smart cities. Therefore, a deep and systematic evaluation of influential factors becomes essential. This research aims to evaluate smart city policymaking in Tehran. The study employs an analytical and exploratory method to assess questionnaire questions on a Likert scale with a minimum score of 1 and a maximum score of 5. To determine the reliability and internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used. The research findings indicate that all the strategies and actions examined in this study, from the perspective of experts (specifically, the formulation and implementation of integrated policies, legislation, and a unified vision), are highly important for the smartification of Tehran. This article adopts a conceptual approach, fram-ing the necessary framework for creating smart cities in observed changes in management style. With theoretical inferences from the sociology of change and the theory of the network society, good urban governance is proposed as a causal condition for creating a smart city in Tehran. The implementation of a smart city necessitates a change in the institutional and managerial structure of the urban system.

Existing models do not adequately capture how changes in the external environment (systematic risk) affect corporate returns. This study addresses this gap by identifying explanatory variables and an experimental model design. The sample includes 16 investment companies over two periods, 2006-1 and 2020-4. We inputted 69 systematic risk variables into the model and identified the 1-12 non-fragile variables affecting investment company weighted averages using a Bayesian model averaging approach. The findings show that the non-official hard currency exchange rate is the most robust variable influencing the Tehran Stock Exchange. Thus, stocks with the highest correlation to the foreign exchange rate should be selected when forming a portfolio. Moreover, fiscal policy variables directly impact investment company weighted average returns. Consequently, portfolios of quasi/semi-government-owned companies will see higher return fluctuations.