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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of object relations in predicting emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality.Methods: The research method was quantitative, applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all 257 couples which formally married in the first three months of 2022 in Ardabil. The non-random available sampling method was used due to the limitations of the corona pandemic. The sample size was 110 couples, including 110 males and 110 females. Bell Object Relationships Inventory (1995), King & Ammons Emotional Expression Questionnaire (1990), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Basby Marital Quality Questionnaire (1995) were used for data collection. In the descriptive part, we used the central and dispersion indices. Also, in the inferential part, multiple regression was used.  The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The results of this study showed there is a significant negative relationship between social incompetence with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01), and a significant negative relationship between egocentricity with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01). Also, there is a significant negative relationship between insecure attachment with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01) and finally there is a significant negative relationship between alienation with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01).Conclusion: Considering the results, couple therapy based on object relations can be used to improve emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality of couples.

The present study aimed to determining the role of senior high schools in the preparation of students to transfer to university. By using an exploratory mixed method approach, we combined qualitative content analysis with descriptive quantitative method. In the qualitative part, the study population includes 9929 senior high school teachers of Tabriz and 891 professors of Tabriz University, and in the quantitative part, it includes 2013 students of Tabriz University in the academic year 2019-2020. The participants of the qualitative part are 16 people and the quantitative part is 325 people based on the Krejcie- Morgan, which was selected by simple random sampling. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part was used. The reliability of the quantitative part by using the internal reliability of 0.93. For data analysis, colaizzi's method analysis was used in the qualitative part,and descriptive and inferential statistics tests (Friedman's ranking and sample TT) were used in the quantitative part. Based on qualitative findings, the role of senior high schools in preparing students for transfer to university included academic adaptation, environmental adaptation, individual-emotional adaptation, pre-transitional preparation, and organizational-managerial factors of educational system. The findings of the quantitative part from perspective of the first-year students, indicated status quo of organizational-managerial factors of educational system, pre-transitional preparation, and individual-emotional adaptation was unfavorable while factors of academic and environmental adaptation had moderate situation. According to the results of Friedman test, environmental adaptation was in the highest rank followed by academic adaptation, organizational-managerial factors of educational system, individual-emotional adaptation, and pre-transitional preparation in the next ranks. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, in this study, caused different aspects of preparing students for transfer to university through senior high schools were identified, and finally, solutions for preparing students to university were presented.

Research aims to identify barriers and problems in educational strategies implementation in schools. The current study is qualitative with an interpretive phenomenological approach. For the interview, the participants were selected by the purposive sampling method. The criteria for participating in the interview were managers' willingness to express their opinions on the research subject. The sampling process ended when data saturation was reached during the interview. Paul Colaizzi's method was used for data analysis. First, analysis data collection was continued until saturation. Several vital sentences were extracted and formulated. Participants' opinions were kept, making data reliability and their ability to be verified possible. After analyzing the findings, school problems and barriers were categorized into four categories: financial and credit, human resources, system problems, and multiple tasks. Components: lack of per capita, wear and tear of buildings, equipment, a debt of energy carriers, lack of allocation of specialized teachers, new teachers, reduction of cooperation and assistance of parents, forced teaching of administrative staff, the unwillingness of students, lack of allocation of staff based on the organizational chart, The number of sites and their continuous changes, textbook registration system, pre-registration, the existence of various projects and ceremonies, repetitive and voluminous circulars, intervention of unrelated organizations and departments were among the most critical challenges of school management

The aim of the current research was to design and validate an electronic learning environment model based on educational neuroscience (knowledge of the mind, brain and education). The method of this mixed research was an exploratory design. First, various sources were examined and the components of the cognitive educational model were determined using the content analysis method. Then, using the Delphi method and the opinions of the judges, the components were finally approved. The statistical population in the content analysis section consisted of experts in the field of educational neuroscience, written and electronic documents and resources from domestic and foreign databases, and in the Delphi section, experts in the field of educational technology and distance learning. To search for and find all the articles related to e-learning based on neuroscience, a systematic review method was used to identify, review, evaluate and analyze the articles. This systematic review was carried out using the prism method.The selection of samples in both sections was purposeful and in the content analysis section there were 22 specialists and experts for interviews and in the Delphi section there were 15 specialists from different universities and institutions in Iran, the Netherlands and AmericThe analysis of the data obtained from the qualitative interview was also done using the inductive content analysis method and in the Delphi section using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. According to the content analysis, six categories of attention, Generation and communication, Emotion, Spacing learning, Individual-environmental factors and social factors were obtained. Also, 17 sub-components were extracted for the main classes. After analyzing the content and extracting the codes, the components and sub-components were presented in the form of a template. The results of internal validation based on experts' opinion have shown that the provided educational model has high internal validity and has the necessary effectiveness for teaching fifth grade students

This article presents a theory using an interpretive approach to explore the role of counseling and psychological services in empowering women in management and leadership positions at universities. The study systematically examines this role through data collected from 22 participants, including students, staff, professors, and female university managers, from Kurdistan University in Sanandaj and Salah al-Din University in Erbil. Participants were purposefully selected, and data was gathered via semi-structured interviews. Analysis involved a novel method and continuous comparative analysis through three-stage theoretical coding. This process identified 300 open codes, 35 central codes, and seven selective codes: mental ability, economic ability, political ability, social ability, group ability, physical ability, and academic ability. The findings revealed that empowerment is a process rather than a product. For counseling and psychological service programs to be effective, all individuals involved in the empowerment process must have a clear understanding of its requirements and methods. Ultimately, the success of these efforts is likely determined by the women themselves. While empowerment is crucial within universities, creating a positive organizational atmosphere and a supportive culture that fosters spontaneous empowerment among female students, employees, and managers is equally important. Moreover, establishing empowerment initiatives strengthens the move towards university independence and reinforces the perception of higher education institutions as unique entities with distinct cultures. The study also highlights the importance of context and situational factors in implementing empowerment, emphasizing the need to avoid applying models that do not align with cultural contexts. Finally, university administrators must be personally committed to empowering women in management and leadership roles before any efforts can be successful.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on health anxiety and self-efficacy with the mediation role of mindfulness in women with multiple sclerosis. Method: The present research method was descriptive-correlational using structural equation modeling (path analysis). The statistical population included 14899 married women with diplomas and higher education who were members of the Tehran MS Association in 2021. Using the Cochran formula, 342 women were selected as research samples through convenience sampling. All participants responded to four questionnaires, including Olson et al.’s Marital Satisfaction, Salkovskis et al.’s Health Anxiety, Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s Self-efficacy, and Baer et al.’s Mindfulness questionnaires. Results: The results showed the direct effect of marital satisfaction through self-efficacy and health anxiety was significant (P<0/05). Also, the indirect effect of marital satisfaction through mindfulness was significant (P<0/05). Conclusion: According to the results, mindfulness plays a mediating role in the relationship between health anxiety, self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction.