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The advent of big data marks a profound shift in our epistemological framework, introducing a new knowledge paradigm where the social landscape is shaped by data processing, perceived as both comprehensive and natural. This transformative shift challenges traditional notions of human agency in societal understanding, positioning empirical quantification at the forefront of inquiry. Beyond philosophical implications, pragmatic challenges abound in big data research—from issues of commensuration and the influence of action grammars to the dominance of correlational over causal relationships, the prevalence of everyday data over historical archives, and the pervasive impact of algorithms on data ecosystems. This manuscript undertakes a comprehensive exploration of these challenges, proposing strategies for navigating them within emerging disciplines such as Digital Humanities, Social Computing, and Cultural Analysis. Methodologically anchored in constructivist principles and critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study investigates how socio-cultural contexts shape data and knowledge production. Drawing on extensive literature and meta-analyses, it synthesizes diverse perspectives to underscore the necessity for methodological innovation and reflexivity in addressing the complexities of big data research, ensuring the integrity and depth of social inquiry amidst evolving data-driven methodologies.

One of the epistemological debates on Cyberethics is the ethical implications of indeterminacy in cyberspace which results from its inherent zero-infinity binary logic. Since this logic is both of linguistic and mathematical nature, we contend that it can be discursively problematized. The central question here is: how can cyberethics be talked about in light of the fact that the zero-one binary in the cyberspace is regenerated endlessly and infinitely despite our invariant situation? The second question to be touch upon is: How can the problem of indeterminacy in the cyberspace leads to a crisis in our real -world cognitive schemas? Given that the indeterminacy in the cyberspace originates from a syntactic shift in its verification-falsification logic, we argue that this logic can be problematized by Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem together with Cantor’s continuum hypothesis. To this end, the present paper situates itself within the axiomatic apparatus of these two scholars to rethink the cyberethics. It is an exploratory qualitative research, based on deductive approach, seeking to unearth an underresearched problem based on existing hypotheses. Methodologically, it is subsumed under library research for its drawing on books and theories that are directly relevant to the research problem at hand.