درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The present study was conducted to model the problems of the system of recruitment, retention and training of human resources by the mixed exploratory research method. Methodology: The statistical population of the qualitative part included a number of experts including the senior managers of National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company (NIORDC) and human resource management professors in higher education centers; and employees of the NIORDC (Sari) and Iranian Oil Pipelines and Telecommunication Company (IOPTC) (North) in the quantitative part, n= 835 (789 men and 46 women). In the qualitative part, by the snowball sampling method, 20 people, and in the quantitative part, by relative stratified sampling method based on Cochran's formula, 263 people were selected as the statistical sample. In the qualitative part, the data were extracted by the Delphi technique and semi-structured and structured questionnaires; and the 120-item researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative part and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The content and construct validity of the questionnaires was confirmed. Reliability and composite reliability (CR) were also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 84%. Descriptive statistics (mean, variance, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Friedman test) were used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that the model of problems of the system of recruitment, retention and training of human resources has 6 organizational (internal), environmental (external), occupational, individual (personal), governmental (political) and cultural-social dimensions and 30 components. Conclusion: The results of the quantitative part showed that all dimensions of the research model were confirmed.

Purpose: Covid-19 pandemic increased the use of e-learning and the ensuing academic stress. This research aims to study the relationship between e-learning induced academic stress and academic self-efficacy in the Yazd branch of Payame Noor University in Iran. Methodology: This is a descriptive-correlational study. The study population was the Yazd branch of Payme Noore University students in the 2020-21 academic year. Cochran’s formula gave us a sample size of 319 people. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the unavailability of some of the sample members, we used voluntary sampling. Our research tools were the academic stress scale (Pooladi Reyshahri, 1995) and the academic self-efficacy scale (Owen and Froman, 1988). We sent the scale to the subjects electronically. The scales’ alpha Cronbach reliabilities were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. We analyzed the data using the T-test, correlation, and regression in SPSS version 21. Findings: Our findings showed that e-learning induced academic stress, and its subscales (academic conditions and economic environment stresses) were significantly below average in the students. Students’ academic stress and academic self-efficacy were significantly and inversely related. Academic stress could significantly explain self-efficacy (P < .001). Conclusion: Our results showed the negative role of academic stress in explaining students’ academic self-efficacy. Reducing students' academic stressors through academic workshops can significantly increase academic self-efficacy.

Purpose: News media play an important role in attitudes towards various issues, including wearing hijab and its removal. As a result, this paper aimed to compare the news coverage of hijab removal in the news media. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of execution method. The research population was the hijab removal news in the news media of Entekhab (reformist), Fars (fundamentalist), Khabar Online (moderate), BBC Persian Television (affiliated with the United Kingdom) and Voice of America (affiliated with the United states of America) during 2017 and 2018, which were selected through the total population sampling method. The research tool was to observe and record the news of the hijab removal in Persian news media or the Persian section of foreign news media, and the face validity of the information was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was obtained 0.89 by the inter-coder agreement method. Finally, the data were analyzed with non-parametric chi-square test in SPSS-20. Findings: Results showed that there was a significant difference between Entekhab, Fars, Khabar Online, BBC Persian Television and Voice of America in terms of amount of news, news style, news value, news source, news bias and news type (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the five mentioned media in terms of the headline type (P>0.05). In other words, in terms of the amount of news about the hijab removal, Fars, Khabar Online, BBC Persian Television, Entekhab and Voice of America reported the most news. In terms of news style, Entekhab, Fars, Khabar Online and Voice of America used mostly news style and BBC Persian Television used mostly report style. Also, in terms of news value, Entekhab, BBC Persian Television and Voice of America used encountering value, Fars used the proximity value and Khabar Online used mostly two values of encountering and reputation. In terms of the news source, Entekhab and Fars used the media reporter’s source more, Khabar Online used the domestic news agencies more, BBC and Voice of America used the unknown source frequently. In addition, in terms of the news bias, Entekhab, Fars and Khabar Online used the bias of condemning the event, the BBC used the neutral bias and the Voice of America used the bias of sympathy and support for the event more frequently. In terms of the type of news, Entekhab, Fars and Voice of America mostly used the event-oriented type, and the Khabar Online and BBC Persian Television mostly used the process-oriented type. On the other hand, in terms of the type of headlines, Entekhab, Fars, Khabar Online, BBC Persian Television and Voice of America used more inferential headlines and there was no significant difference among them. Conclusion: The results showed that BBC Persian Television and Voice of America had a more positive view on the phenomenon of hijab removal and mostly reported the news from unknown news sources. The results indicated that the aforementioned news media are harmful to families in terms of the phenomenon of hijab removal.

Purpose: Friendship-oriented leadership is one of the relatively new methods of leadership to gain a competitive advantage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and formulate a friendship-oriented leadership model. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The research community was experts and experts in the field of broadcasting leadership in 1400. The sample size was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation of 20 people, and this number was selected by purposive sampling. The data was collected with a semi-structured interview, the validity of which was confirmed by the triangulation method and the reliability was calculated with the Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.66. The data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding method based on database theory in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings showed that 108 indicators were identified in 11 sub-categories and 6 main categories for the friendship-oriented leadership model; So that the friendship-oriented leadership model in the category of causal conditions includes individual abilities and capabilities and follower conditions, in the category of contextual conditions including organizational characteristics, demographic factors and human resources mechanism, in the category of intervening conditions including the organizational environment and extra-organizational factors, in the category of central phenomenon including leadership Friendship-oriented, in the category of strategies included leadership strategies, and in the category of consequences, it included positive consequences and negative consequences. Finally, the paradigm model of friendship-oriented leadership was designed. Conclusion: Specialists and organizational planners can use the categories and indicators identified for the friendship-oriented leadership model to improve their organization and create a competitive advantage and improve them in their organization.

Purpose: Examining the factors affecting the social role of the higher education system can help in its improvement. Thus, this research aimed to identify and rate the factors affecting the social role of the academic system based on interpretive structural equations. Methodology: Regarding aim, this study was of applied type and considering method of implementation, it was cross-sectional. The research population consisted of the qualitative section of documents and texts related to the research and experts of this field. Fifty documents and texts were chosen via purposive sampling method, and 10 experts were selected via purposive sampling method as the sample. The data were collected through taking notes from the documents and texts as well as surveying experts about a researcher-made questionnaire, and analyzed further via interpretive structural equations method in PLS software. Findings: The results indicated that the factors affecting the social role of the higher education system include 11 factors including making the academic curricula challenging, promoting social participation forms, preparing students for public jobs, active civic curriculum, training and learning social responsibility, research-orientedness, social projects, training qualified individuals, attention to the views of social beneficiaries in the academic system, and training social sensitivity. The results of interpretive structural equations indicated that the factor of promoting social participation problem claimed the first rank, followed by research-orientedness and training qualified individuals at the second level, training and learning social responsibility at the third level, factors of making academic curricula challenging and preparing students for public jobs at the fourth level, factors of active civic curriculum factors, attention to the views of social beneficiaries in the academic system and training social sensitivity at the fifth level, factor of developing eligible citizens at the sixth level, and factor of social projects at the seventh level. Based on that, the interpretive structural model of factors affecting the social role of the academic system was designed. Conclusion: Based on the present study results, planners and experts of higher education can benefit from the present study results, and use the identified factors affecting the social role of the academic system for improving the status of university and acquiring competitive advantage.