Psychological Capital

This study analyzes the relationships among quality of life, workaholism and psychological capital. The sample of the study consists of 212 registered employees of Shahid Dr. Beheshtei Hospital in Shiraz. Subjects have been selected using convenience sampling. World Health Organization Quality of life Questionnaire, Luthans psychological capital questionnaire and workaholism analysis questionnaire (Samani and Ahmadi) have been used in the present study. The research shows that there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and quality of life components while workaholism is not related to quality of life components. It is concluded that workaholism cannot predict quality of life components whereas psychological capital components predict quality of life components significantly.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of authentic leadership on psychological well-being and job satisfaction with mediating role of psychological capital among employees at Ministry of Sports and Youths. This was causal-applied study. The population consisted of all employees and managers at Ministry of Sports and Youth in 2018 (N= 831). The research tools included Avolio et al. Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Luthans’s Psychological Capital Scale, Minnesota’s Job Satisfaction Standard Questionnaire, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using partial least square (Smart PLS) and SPSS. Also, Sobel test and VAF were used to measure the impact and t–value of psychological capital. The findings showed that the authentic leadership impacted directly and indirectly on psychological well-being and job satisfaction of staff at Ministry of Sports and Youth with mediating role of psychological capital.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the training of self-encouragement based on Adler's theory of psychological capital and academic engagement of female high school students. This study was a semi-experimental research and used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of 60 students (30 participants for experimental group and 30 participants control group) who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The experimental group was then educated for self-encouragement for 8 sessions while the control group did not receive any training. The instrument used in this study was Schaufeli & Bakker's (2006) Academic Engagement Questionnaire and Luthan's (2007) Psychosocial Capital Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data and Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to investigate the research hypotheses. By analyzing the data, results indicated that self-encouragement training increased the academic engagement and psychological capital of female students. Regarding the effectiveness of this training on increasing the academic engagement and psychological capital, this training is evaluated useful for students.

Purpose: The present study aims at offering an appropriate pattern for strategic human resources management (SHRM) based on intellectual, cultural and psychological capitals in Islamic Azad Universities from Mazandaran Province. The current study is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of the objectives it is in pursue of and it is generally enumerated among the applied research. Method: The study population included all the faculty members from Islamic Azad Universities in Mazandaran Province who were studied in the curriculum year of 2015-2016. 320 individuals from faculty members’ population in various Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran Province were selected as the study sample volume based on Morgan’s table and through taking advantage of a simple randomized sampling method. The data were collected by the use of intellectual capital questionnaire designed by Bontis in 1998, the cultural capital questionnaire made by Gerami in 2012) and the psychological capital questionnaire constructed by Luthans et al (2005) and finally through administering the strategic human resources management questionnaire made by Boyle et al (2015). Finding: To analyze the data, structural equations model was used. The study findings are suggestive of the idea that human capital, structural capital, cultural capital, relational capital and psychological capital exert positive and significant effects on the strategic human resources management. Conclusion: Furthermore, structural capital, cultural capital, relational capital and psychological capital were not found having a significant effect on the structural capital and it is through investing on intellectual, cultural and psychological grounds that a competitive advantage can be obtained through improving the strategic human resources management.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design a psychological capital curriculum consist of optimism for Iranian higher education. Methodology: The research methodology was qualitative content analysis of deductive category system. The research domain consisted of all sources, articles, and printed and digital books related to psychological capital and a targeted sampling method was used. Data analysis was conducted through subject coding. The findings were derived from 50 conceptual codes that were categorized into 16 components and main categories of optimism. To validate the model of psychological capital curriculum, 10 experts from the field of curriculum and educational psychology contributed using Lawshe coefficient, with components below 62%, three components were deleted. Finding: the results showed that the identified targets for optimism included four components of reality, self-regulating growth, responsibility, and bravery. The obtained content showed that components of planning, self-excitation education, communication approach, positive thinking, and relationship between the current status and the past one need to be considered in optimistic curriculum. The results also identify education and two components for teaching methods of optimism: interpretative pattern and individual teaching pattern. For evaluation, three components of evaluating the interpretation and explanation, assessing the change in behavior, and an assessment of the correct and unfair practices of social communication were identified. Discussion: The present study, as a model for designing a curriculum for psychological capital based on optimism for Iranian scholars and planners of higher education, allows understanding and applying the elements of the curriculum to develop psychological capital in students.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on personal-social adjustment and psychological capital of high school students in Tehran during 1397. Methodology: The method used in this study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group and random sampling. The statistical population consisted of all female secondary school students in 1397. Using random sampling, 30 students in both experimental and control groups (15 subjects) and control (15 subjects) were considered as the sample size. The experimental group received 8 life skills training sessions, and the control group did not receive any treatment. In order to collect information, two questionnaires, personal-social adjustment (California, 1953) and McGee's Psychological Capital questionnaires (2011) were used. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and the coefficient for each questionnaire was higher than 0.7. Content validity was also used to assess the validity of the questionnaire, which was approved by the relevant experts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). Findings: Findings showed that life skills training increased personal and social compatibility of students. Based on the results of the findings, life skills training increased the psychological capital and its components in students(P> .0 / 01). Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that life skills training can enhance students' adaptation and provide effective techniques for increasing psychological capital.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal pattern of perceived competence on psychological capital mediated by the academic emotions of 10th grade male high school students in Tehran. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose, quantitative approach, cross-sectional in terms of data collection time and correlational in terms of research method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all tenth grade male students of the second year of high school in Tehran in the academic year 2019-20, from which 510 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. In this study, the tools of perceived competence (De Perna and Elliott, 2000), psychological capital (Lutans, 2011) and academic excitement (Pekrun, et al., 2005) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. SPSS-V23 and Amos-V8.8 software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings: The research findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that perceived competence has an effect on psychological capital in students. Academic excitement affects the psychological capital of students. Perceived competence also affects psychological capital through the mediation of academic emotions. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that increasing psychological capital and perceived competence can improve the academic excitement in students.

Research on the psychological drivers affecting employees’ work engagement is insignificant and scare. Psychological capital and ethical work climate are two important of those drivers that their impact on work engagement haven’t been investigated yet. The aim of this study is to investigate psychological capital and ethical work climate effect on employees’ service behavior by the mediating role of employees’ work engagement. The statistical population of this study includes 7000 employees of National Iranian Oil Product Distribution Company. 394 employees were the minimum sample which their data were collected from 397 employees by questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to data analysis. Results showed that psychological capital and ethical work climate have direct and significant effect on employees’ work engagement. Also results showed their effects on service behavior. Finally, work engagement effect on employees’ service behavior was confirmed. Managers by improving employees’ work engagement can have significant effect on employees’ service performance and employees by providing high quality services can quarantine customers satisfaction, benefit for stakeholders and business survive. Managers and business owners especially in service sector can improve work engagement through creating and developing ethical climate in business and through emphasizing on workers psychological derivers by education.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the psychological capital of mothers with children with an autism spectrum disorder. This research is methodically classified as experimental research and had a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in medical and rehabilitation centers in Semnan in 2018. Twenty mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder were selected as the research sample by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. Initially, both groups were evaluated by an autism questionnaire. Then, the intervention program based on acceptance and commitment was performed in 10 sessions of 45 minutes and 2 times a week by the researcher on the experimental group. While the control group did not receive such intervention. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment has improved the psychological capital of mothers.

. The aim of this study was to determine the structural equation model of the effect of mental health on the attitude toward hijab with the role of mediator of psychological capital and adaptability and cohesion of family in Zanjan undergraduate students. The research method was cross-sectional and descriptive and its plan was correlational .The statistical population were all of undergraduate students was Zanjan universities To keep fit of the community, The sample size was 335, of which 220 were female and 115 were male. Data were collected using questionnaires of the General Health Questionnaire (28 questions) Goldenberg (1972), Hijab Khidani Attitude Questionnaire (1394), Olson Family Adaptation and cohesion Assessment Scale (1985), Lutangs Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007). Data were analyzed using SPSS software,. The PLS was used to map structural equations. The results showed that the indirect effect of mental health on the attitude toward hijab and the indirect effect of depression, anxiety, social function and physical symptoms on the attitude toward hijab is significantThe indirect effect of mental health by mediating the psychological capital was not significant to the hijab. The indirect effect of mental health by mediating family correlation was significant on the attitude toward hijab

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to present a model of psychological well-being based on the components of psychological capital and psychological flexibility by mediating role of mindfulness. Methodology : This study is a descriptive research and subjects are composed of 350 masters' students of psychology from Islamic Azad University in Tehran that are selected using ‘stratified random sampling proportional to size’ method. In this method, from each unit of the university, a sample was selected independently and proportional to size of that unit. The participants responded to psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989), psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans et al, 2007), Acceptance and action Inventory (Bond et al, 2011) and Mindfulness Questionnaire (Buchheld et al, 2006). Data are analyzed using path analysis through LISERL 8.8. Finding: The results show that cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resiliency and mindfulness directly predict psychological well-being (P<0.01), and on the other hand, cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resiliency indirectly predict psychological well-being by mediating role of mindfulness (P<0.01). Conclusion: So a program can be developed to enhance cognitive flexibility and components of psychological capital and mindfulness, through which students’ level of psychological well-being would be improved. This study was applied in terms of objective and combined. 

Objective:  The birth of a child with special needs causes problems for the family. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on the psychological capital of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods:  The research was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest. The statistical population included all mothers of boys aged 8 to 12 years with autism spectrum disorder in medical and rehabilitation centers in Yazd in 1398. Thirty mothers were selected by available sampling method from Survival Rehabilitation Center as a research sample and randomly placed in two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Subjects were assessed by the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Intervention program of acceptance and commitment-based treatment was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes only on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance through SPSS24 software. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment-based therapy improved the psychological capital of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (p 0.01). It can be concluded that acceptance and commitment-based therapy helps mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder to consciously accept their suffering and understand that it is part of the life process and to make more conscious choices in situations of suffering and be more effective. Conclusion: Therefore, according to this finding, therapists can use acceptance and commitment-based therapy as an intervention method in this area.

The current study aimed to propose a model for academic emotions based on the quality of parent-child relationships by the mediation of the psychological capital. It was conducted as a descriptive-correlation study and the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all the 10th-grade female students in the 5th district of Tehran during 2016-17 with a population of about 4,000 students, of which Four hundred of them were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Fine, J. Morland and Schubel Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS) (1983), Lutans and Avilo Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) (2007), and Pekrun, Goetz, and Frenzel Academic Emotion Questionnaire (AEQ) (2005) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL (p<0.05). The results showed that academic emotions were directly affected by the quality of father-child and mother-child relationships and the psychological capital. Moreover, the quality of parent-child relationships indirectly affected academic emotions by the mediation of the psychological capital. The findings of this study can be applied to increase students' positive emotions and decrease their negative emotions by improving the quality of parent-child relationships and the psychological capital variables (i.e., self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism).

Objective: The present study conducted to investigate the role of anxiety mediation in the relationship between psychological capital and mindfulness in obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods: The study method was a descriptive correlational research. The statistical population of the research included all women candidates referred to Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in the year 1400 (March 21, 2021 – March 20, 2022) for minimal invasive bariatric surgery. Among them, a number of 250 women were selected as samples through convenience non-random sampling. The research tools were Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al. 2007), Freiburg’s Mindfulness Inventory - short form (Wallach et al. 2006) and Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (Beck et al. 1993). Structural equation modeling was used for analyzing the data. The gathered data were analyzed using two statistical analysis software SPSS Version 26 and LISREL Version 8.8. Results:  The results showed that the fit indices are in acceptable level and the suggested model has optimum fit index. Conclusion: Considering the important role of mindfulness and anxiety in predicting the psychological capital, trainings and interventions aiming increase in mindfulness and decrease in anxiety should be included in preoperative plans dedicated for bariatric surgery candidate.

Purpose: Psychological capital refers to the state of positive psychological development of a person and it is important and investigated considering thestrive to achieve goals and to undertake and make the necessary effort to succeed in challenging tasks. From the Islamic perspective, psychological capital (PC) is a person's belief in his abilities to achieve success, to have perseverance in pursuing goals, endure problems and having patience in this regard. The purpose of the current research was to design the model of psychological capital from the Islamic perspective in Iran's governmental organizations. Methodology: The current research is considered a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative section included Quran and Nahj al-balagha, and the quantitative section included PC experts, as well as faculty members who have conducted research in the field of PC. In the qualitative section, the study sample selected using complete enumeration and included Quran and Nahj al-Balagha, and to collect the data in the quantitative section, a total of 15 people were selected using purposive sampling method who then answered the questions of the Delphi questionnaire. According to the analysis of the Quran and Nahj al-Balagha, a total of 126 semantic expressions and primary open code as well as 17 PC-related indices were extracted. These indices were merged and then selective coding was carried out. In the second stage, Delphi quantitative research method was used. Finally, PC-related indices and items were extracted and categorized after data collection. Cohen's kappa index was used to validate the coding process and ensure quality control of the factors. Findings: The results of the research showed that the Islamic-based PC included 18 axial codes and 4 selective codes (the self-purification dimension with six axial codes; the patience dimension with two axial codes. Conclusion: the positive thinking dimension with four axial codes and the truth-seeking dimension with six axial codes).

Objective: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health, but the outbreak of this virus can also have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study aimed to the mediating role of empathy in relationship between self-compassion and psychological capital with corona anxiety. Method: The research method was correlation of the type path analysis. The population of this study included all Undergraduate Students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center (450 student) who were studying during the academic year of 2020-2021. 210 male students participated in this study online and responded to Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS; Alipour & et al., 2020), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ; Luthans et al., 2007)and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1983). The research method used was casual modeling. Results: The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data of this study (RMSEA = 0.001, GFI = 1.00, AGFI = 0.98, CFI = 1.00). The results showed that the psychological capital had a direct effect on corona anxiety (β = -0.16, p<0.05); but Self-compassion did not have a direct effect on corona anxiety (p>0.05). Self-compassion had a direct effect on empathy (β = 0.32, p<0/01); but psychological capital did not have a direct effect on empathy (p>0/05). Also, empathy had a direct effect on corona anxiety (β = -0.29, p<0/01). Indirect pathway results showed that only Self-compassion mediated by empathy could reduce corona anxiety (p<0/01). Conclusions: According to the results, students with higher psychological capital and empathy experience less corona anxiety, and on the other hand, the more self-compassion increases, the more empathy improves, which results in a decrease in corona anxiety. Therefore, through education and promotion of self-compassion, empathy can be increased and the severity of corona anxiety in students can be reduced.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the psychological capital of bullied students. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all male students of the first secondary school in Rasht city in the academic year 2022-2023. After implementing the bullying questionnaire, 30 students were selected as the bully group and they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). In order to collect data, the psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans, 2007) was used. The experimental group underwent acceptance and commitment therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. Results:The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy led to a significant increase in psychological capital and its components (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on this, acceptance and commitment therapy can be considered as an effective intervention in increasing the psychological capital of bullied students through the promotion of psychological flexibility.

The main aim of this study this study was explaining the structural model of teacher's perception of school's social capital and teacher's psychological capital with their readiness for change in primary schools. The research statistical population was included all primary school teachers (17500) in Fars province, that 733 of them were selected as the research sample by using systematic sampling method. The research instruments were included three questionnaires: social capital, psychological capital and readiness for changing, which were distributed and collected after calculating validity (speciation analysis) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha). Research data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation's matrix and multivariate regression (structural equation model) and also Amos23 and Spss25 software. Findings showed that while the average dimension of social network was higher than the desired level, the rest of the dimensions of social capital and the average total of social capital was less than the desired level. The average of teacher’s psychological capital and all its dimensions was higher than desired. Examining the simultaneous role of social capital and psychological capital in predicting readiness for change, it was concluded that social capital loses its predictive power for readiness for changing (β= 0/07 & p= NS) and psychological capital have a positive and significant predictive power for readiness for change (β= 0/62 & p< 0/01). The output of this research can be use by managers, teachers and other staff in different domains to providing readiness ground for change by developing and strengthening the capacities of psychological capital.