درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Due to technological advances and existence of limitations in modern life, there has been a demand for new ways of tourism. In this regard, the present study aimed to model the factors affecting smart governance for managing cultural heritage tourism destinations. This study was of an interpretive, applied, quantitative, field-library and survey type. The statistical population was all activists, experts, managers and employees of tourism organizations in East Azerbaijan province and according to the results of the GPower software and using the criterion-based purposive method, 166 people were selected as a sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was obtained from the qualitative findings section of the study. In addition to the descriptive section, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and all analyses were performed in SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS version 3.1.1 software at a significance level of 0.05. The research results showed that the research model has a good fit and that the need for development, the need for accountability, smart features, culture, specialized factors and lifestyle has a positive and significant effect, and economic factors, political factors and government factors have a negative and significant effect on the smart governance of cultural tourism destinations in East Azerbaijan province. Managers and officials should think about developing and promoting positive and driving factors and eliminating negative and inhibiting economic, political and governmental problems.

This study investigates the developmental outcomes of Van Life as an emerging form of child-centered tourism in Iran. Van Life, defined as short-term, vehicle-based travel involving family participation and nature immersion, offers educational and emotional benefits for children. Despite its growing global appeal, this model remains largely unexamined in the Iranian context. Using a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive design, the study collected data from 15 families and 25 children aged 6–12 years who had engaged in Van Life-style travel. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and children’s drawings and were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that Van Life positively contributes to children’s development in four domains: emotional (increased self-confidence and emotional regulation), cognitive (hands-on problem-solving and nature-based learning), social (strengthened family bonds and cultural openness), and environmental (awareness of sustainability and responsible behavior). Nonetheless, key barriers were identified, including inadequate infrastructure, cultural conservatism, and limited parental preparedness to support experiential learning during the travel. The study concludes that Van Life holds potential as a sustainable, inclusive, and educational tourism model for families in Iran. To address these limitations, this study recommends promoting environmental education, expanding support services, and designing policies that recognize the developmental value of child-centered tourism experiences.

The urban environment quality approach, as one of the most modern paradigms for revitalizing urban areas, has a significant impact on the quality of life and Citizens' welfare, and its combination with creative approaches such as urban branding can lead to the growth and excellence of urban areas and increase the competitiveness of the city. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to analyze the spatial relationship between creative tourism indicators and urban environment quality in the neighborhoods of Arak. The required data and information were collected using library and survey methods. After analysis in EXCEL software, they were entered into GIS software and spatially analyzed using multivariate regression in the form of the GWR model. The statistical sample of the study was 384 citizens of Arak. The results of the study showed that the status of creative tourism indicators is in an unfavorable condition and the peripheral neighborhoods of the city are in a weaker condition. Also, the environmental quality indicators in Arak are not in a favorable condition and most neighborhoods have an average score lower than 3. Also, the results of the spatial analysis of the GWR model showed the relationship between creative tourism and the quality of the urban environment, and creative tourism indicators can have a high impact on the quality of the environment of the neighborhoods of Arak, especially in the eastern, southern and southwestern regions of the city. Also, findings revealed that the impact of creative tourism indicators on economic and Physical-functional, the quality of the environment is in an almost average position.

This study aims to examine the literary impact of Khayyam on the literary tourists’ motivation to travel to Neyshabur, focusing on cultural programs and tourism infrastructure. The applied research method is descriptive-analytical in nature. The study's statistical population comprised literary tourists from Neyshabur, and the convenient sampling employed to reach 384 individuals. The data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Smart PLS. Results show that Khayyam's works have had a substantial influence on cultural programs and tourism infrastructure. Moreover, cultural programs and tourism infrastructure have a substantial influence on travel motivation. Khayyam's work also positively influences travel motivation. The findings also indicated that a focus on Khayyam's works and appropriate planning in cultural programs and tourism infrastructure can play a crucial role in increasing literary tourists’ motivation to visit Neyshabur. It is suggested to implement and expand diverse cultural programs and improve tourism infrastructure in Neyshabur, with a focus on Khayyam's works.

Cultural tourism is the cornerstone of understanding the cultures of nations. This form of tourism facilitates cultural exchange and plays an undeniable role in the development of international relations. This research, which is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, based on both documentary and field studies, aims to explore the effects of cultural heritage tourism on strengthening friendly relations between nations and promoting global peace. The Golestan and Saadabad Palaces in Tehran were selected as the case study, and the tourists visiting these two palaces were chosen as the research sample. The field data for the study were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire, based on variables related to cultural heritage tourism, tangible and intangible heritage, and global peace. Due to the unclear definition of the statistical population, the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, resulting in a sample of 321. However, 273 complete and valid questionnaires were collected. SPSS software was used for data processing, and Pearson correlation tests were employed for data analysis. The results indicate that cultural heritage tourists play a significant role in enhancing friendly relations and contributing to a peaceful global environment. This role is attributed to the tourists' familiarity with cultural heritage and the modification of pre-existing attitudes. Most tourists acknowledged the transformation of their previously ambiguous and sometimes hostile attitudes into a friendly and amicable atmosphere.

Karbala city is destination of millions of pilgrims from all over the world every year. Therefore, this research has assessed strategies for developing religious tourism in Karbala city, with an emphasis on improving the pilgrims' experience and exploiting the economic and social capacities of this city. First, indicators related to religious tourism infrastructure were identified, and then their impact on the pilgrims' experience was analyzed using statistical methods. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to examine its validity from the specialists and experts in quantitative and relative content validity coefficient, and to examine its reliability, was used Cronbach's alpha. The statistical sample includes two groups, 19 people in the qualitative section and 550 people in the quantitative section, selected using convenience sampling. Data analysis includes initial coding, classification, extraction of indicators and variables, descriptive and inferential statistics such as one sample t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results showed residence index with the maximum mean and minimum dispersion indicates the its importance and diversity for pilgrims. The recreational and commercial services index with the lowest mean showed less importance. Correlation results indicate a positive and significant relationship between the attraction index and other indicators at the 0.001 level, which shows that as tourist attractions are strengthened, other services and infrastructure are equally effective in improving the pilgrims' experience. Results of compare means between pilgrims and local residents showed in the catering service and residence indexes, mean of rank pilgrims (253.21 and 254.49) are higher than local residents (239.65 and 234.55) at a significance level of 0.398 and 0.215, respectively. As a result, improving tourism infrastructure, accessibility and improving the quality of recreational and medical services can lead to increased pilgrim satisfaction.