Travel Motivation

This study aims to examine the literary impact of Khayyam on the literary tourists’ motivation to travel to Neyshabur, focusing on cultural programs and tourism infrastructure. The applied research method is descriptive-analytical in nature. The study's statistical population comprised literary tourists from Neyshabur, and the convenient sampling employed to reach 384 individuals. The data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Smart PLS. Results show that Khayyam's works have had a substantial influence on cultural programs and tourism infrastructure. Moreover, cultural programs and tourism infrastructure have a substantial influence on travel motivation. Khayyam's work also positively influences travel motivation. The findings also indicated that a focus on Khayyam's works and appropriate planning in cultural programs and tourism infrastructure can play a crucial role in increasing literary tourists’ motivation to visit Neyshabur. It is suggested to implement and expand diverse cultural programs and improve tourism infrastructure in Neyshabur, with a focus on Khayyam's works.

The global demographic shift toward an aging population has driven the growth of senior tourism as a vital and expanding part of the tourism industry. This systematic review synthesizes empirical and theoretical studies published from 1980 to 2025, examining the main motivations, travel preferences, and challenges faced by senior tourists. Using the PRISMA protocol, 31 peer-reviewed studies were systematically identified and analyzed through thematic content analysis in NVivo software. The findings show that senior tourists are mainly motivated by intrinsic factors, such as relaxation, nostalgia, social engagement, and personal growth. At the same time, extrinsic motivators—like destination features and leisure activities—also play a role but are less explored. Preferences among senior travelers are quite diverse, influenced by age, health, socioeconomic status, and cultural background, and reflected in different choices regarding accommodation, travel timing, activities, and services needed. Key barriers to senior travel include physical and health limitations, financial constraints, psychological fears, and infrastructural issues, all of which affect participation and satisfaction. The literature indicates a regional focus on studies from Asia and Europe, with notable gaps in the Middle East and other underrepresented areas. Quantitative methods dominate, highlighting the need for more qualitative and mixed-method research to better understand the lived experiences and changing needs of senior tourists. This review provides an integrated thematic perspective that enhances understanding of senior tourism behavior and lays a foundation for creating more accessible and inclusive travel options that address the complex needs of aging populations.