تحلیل راهبردی توسعۀ ژئومورفوتوریسم پایدار روستایی با تأکید بر مدیریت پایدار سرزمین (مطالعۀ موردی: روستاهای شهرستان گرمسار)
آرشیو
چکیده
ژئومورفوتوریسم روستایی یکی از دریچه های نوین در حوزه مطالعات گردشگری روستایی و ژئومورفولوژی است که به عنوان زیرشاخه ای از گردشگری روستایی، ظرفیت های بالقوه زیادی را برای توسعه روستا و پایداری منابع طبیعی دارا می باشد. این شاخه از گردشگری با ترکیب نمودن مواریث فرهنگی، تاریخی و اکولوژیکی، توان های بالقوه ای را در راستای برنامه ریزی گردشگری روستایی پایدار عرضه می نماید. این پژوهش با هدف شناخت ژئومورفوسایت های جاذب گردشگر و ارائه راهبردهای مناسب جهت توسعه ژئومورفوتوریسم در شهرستان گرمسار انجام شده است. در این پژوهش از مدل SWOT بهره گرفته شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها بیانگر این واقعیت است که جمع امتیاز عوامل قوت، 33/2 و جمع امتیاز نقاط ضعف 71/0 است و هم چنین امتیاز نهایی عوامل فرصت 38/3 و عوامل تهدید 9/0 می باشد. می توان نتیجه گرفت که نقاط قوت و فرصت ها بر نقاط ضعف و تهدیدات در زمینه موضوع مورد بحث غلبه دارد؛ از این رو راهبردهای تهاجمی که بهره گیری از نقاط قوت و فرصت هاست جهت توسعه ژئومورفوتوریسم در روستاهای منطقه توصیه می شود. با توجه به نتیجه پژوهش، توسعه صنعت گردشگری مبتنی بر ژئومورفوسایت ها به عنوان یک صنعت درون زا، زمانی اتفاق می افتد که یک برنامه یکپارچه، هدفمند و آینده نگر وجود داشته باشد و دولت، بخش خصوصی و سازمان های مردم نهاد در کنار مردم محلی به صورت هماهنگ و یکپارچه در راستای اهداف توسعه گردشگری در زمینه های مختلفِ بازاریابی، اطلاع رسانی، بهبود شرایط حمل و نقل، بهبود شرایط اقامتی و... قدم بردارند. مطابق با نتایج به دست آمده از ماتریس QSPM، اولویت اول با SO2 (تقویت و افزایش ارائه خدمات و امکانات در منابع گردشگری باتوجه به استانداردهای ملی و بین المللی) می باشد که نشان دهنده اهمیت امکانات، خدمات و تسهیلات برای جذب گردشگر و بازگشت دوباره گردشگر به منطقه می باشد.Strategic Analysis of Development of Rural Sustainable Ggeomorphotourism with an Emphasis on Sustainable Land Management (Case Study: Villages of Garmsar Township)
Introduction Without a doubt, rural development requires more than a straightforward strategy because it is one of the priorities and, of course, the main obstacles of major development plans. As a result, it can only be accomplished with thorough, methodical preparation and the appropriate operation of an effective, pluralistic system. One of the areas of rural development where the natural environment of the village, along with the geological structure, cultural and indigenous capabilities, has a significant impact on its formation and development is tourism.Rural geomorphotourism is one of the newest subsets of rural tourism, which offers genuine chances to alleviate poverty, generate jobs for underprivileged individuals, and promote regional development. Parts of the earth that are particularly significant for understanding the planet's past are known as geomorphosites. Due to human comprehension or exploitation, they exhibit scientific, historical-cultural, or economic-social worth and contain geological and geomorphic issues. Geographic tourism that subtly highlights geological and geomorphological aspects as the foundation of all human endeavors and geographical features is known as geomorphotourism. Due to their varied geological and geomorphological features, arid villages have offered an ideal environment for the growth of this type of rural tourism. Notwithstanding the enormous potential in terms of natural geography and varied geomorphosites in some of the desert-edged settlements in Garmsar Township, there is a dearth of consistent research in the area of tourism documentation and marketing. Planning officials in the Township need to be reminded of the benefits of rural geomorphotourism in terms of job generation, entrepreneurship, and economic values. By utilizing the natural resources of the nearby villages, the authorities can use this corridor to expand this sector of tourism and ensure sustainable growth.In order to answer the question of what strategies are suitable and desirable for the development of geomorphotourism in this region in order to achieve the sustainability of territorial development, the current study was conducted with the goal of identifying specific geomorphosites of dry areas in the villages on the edge of the desert in Garmsar Town.Methodology One strategic technique for aligning external system opportunities and threats with internal system strengths and weaknesses is the SWOT model. Internal and external elements (Internal elements Evolution & External Factors Evolution) have been examined in the SWOT model in order to explore and statistically assess them within the framework of two evaluation matrices. First, the four points of Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats were identified through interviews with individuals and academic specialists involved in the subject of geomorphotourism.A questionnaire was created and given to university specialists for rating after the results from field research, interviews, and library studies were combined and matched. According to the key and normalcy, each internal or external factor is ranked 4 or 3 (for opportunities and strengths) and 2 or 1 (for threats and weak points). The scoring method for each factor is such that the coefficient of the numerical factors will be between zero and one. The rating system is set up so that the rating level decreases from 4 to 1 as it progresses from an amazing opportunity to a significant vulnerability. Following the completion of the SWOT analysis and strategy definition, the QSPM matrix is used.Results The evaluation of internal elements (strengths and weaknesses) yielded a score of 3.04, according to data analysis. Considering that the total of the strengths' points is 2.33 and the total of the flaws' points is 0.71, the strengths are superior, and as a consequence, the power to plan based on the strengths and eliminate the weaknesses is available. Additionally, the matrix evaluation of external elements (threats and opportunities) shows that a score of 4.28 was attained. Therefore, it should be inferred that opportunities outweigh risks in the sphere of the issue under discussion based on the opportunity factors' final score of 3.38 and the threat factors' final score of 0.9. The top priority, as determined by the QSPM matrix's results, is SO2 (improving and expanding the supply of services and facilities in tourism resources in accordance with national and international standards).Discussion and Conclusion Making the best use of the capacity and abilities of the villagers to establish and grow new economic enterprises inside the village context is the most efficient method to boost production. The purpose of this research is to identify the geomorphosites of dry areas in Garmsar city and to provide appropriate and desirable strategies for the development of geomorphotourism in the villages of this region in order to achieve the sustainability of proper and desirable territorial development. This is because the formation and growth of geomorphotourism is crucial to the process of villages achieving sustainable development. The local, national, and international communities are still unaware of the geomorphotourism attractions, as demonstrated by the tactics that have been offered. This indicates that the relevant organizations' information and marketing are lacking. An integrated, focused, and forward-looking plan is necessary for the endogenous growth of the geomorphosite-based tourist sector. In order to achieve the objectives of tourism development, the government, the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and the local population should all work together to take coordinated and integrated actions in a variety of areas, such as marketing, education, bettering lodging and transportation, etc.Funding There is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article.Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.
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