درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

این تحقیق یادگیری لغات انگلیسی برای درک مطلب دانش آموزان از طریق آموزش تکلیف محور را مورد بررسی قرار داد. صد و سی وپنج دانش آموز دختر دبیرستانی از دو سطح مختلف تحصیلی یعنی کلاس اول و چهارم از یکی از دبیرستان های شهر اصفهان انتخاب شدند. آن ها به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه یعنی دو کلاس شاهد و دو کلاس آزمایش در دو سطح مختلف قرار گرفتند. جهت ارزیابی درک مطلب دانش آموزان در ابتدای شروع ترم و قبل از تدریس دروس یک آزمون از هر چهار گروه به عمل آورده شد. گروه های آزمایش لغات چهار درس را از طریق آموزش تکلیف محور و گروه های شاهد همان تعداد دروس را به شیوه ی سنتی آموزش دیدند. در پایان ترم، درک مطلب دو گروه در هر دو سطح توسط آزمون دیگری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده از طریق مقایسه ی میانگین بین دوکلاس شاهد وآزمایش در هر دو سطح نشان داد که گروه آزمایش که از طریق تکلیف محور آموزش دیده بودند بهتر از گروه کنترل که به شیوه سنتی آموزش دیده بودند به آزمون پاسخ داده بودند. همچنین تست نمونه مستقل نشان داد که عملکرد کلاس اولی ها بهتر از عملکرد کلاس چهارمی ها بود.

Assessing learners’ present and real life language needs can contribute to learners’ active participation in learning processes. Assessing learners’ taskbased needs and aligning them with pedagogical tasks are significant in English for medical purpose (EMS) courses. The main objectives of the present study were to assess learners’ needs and to determine whether they are practiced in EMS courses. In this study, pedagogical tasks practiced in EMS courses at universities of medical sciences in Iran were identified and the taskbased language learners practiced by stakeholders in real life situations were assessed. The results showed that some of the pedagogical tasks were not aligned with the real life task-based needs. Moreover, the pedagogical tasks and task-based needs were not aligned in terms of mode, channel, and degree of interaction. The results can be applied by EMS teachers and material developers for meeting the learners’ specific needs.

An understanding of language as ‘open, dynamic, constantly evolving and personal encompasses the rich complexities of communication (Shohamy, 2007, p.5). Knowing about the important role of culture as well as psychological aspects of language can give us a broader view of languageteaching and learning. In order to obtain a better understanding of different aspects of language teaching, the present study aims to investigate the possible relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’home-culture attachment and its underlying components, with their emotional intelligence. To this aim two questionnaires namely: Home culture Attachment/dependency and Bar-On EI test were distributed among 80 EFL teachers, both men and women who taught at different levels in state schools in Birjand, Kermanshah and Zabol. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. Finally results of the study revealed no significant relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ home culture attachment and its underlying components, with their emotional intelligence. The most important result of this study is bringing about awareness for EFL teachers, EFL syllabus designers, teacher educators and policy makers about the important factors in cultural attachment or detachment of Iranian EFL teachers that consequently affects their teaching and transfer of cultural values into their students.

To investigate the effects of etymological elaboration, contextual pragmatic clues, and lexical knowledge on L2 idioms comprehension and production, 60 male intermediate level EFL students in three groups were selected. Each group was randomly assigned to one treatment condition. Group one participants were presented with the etymological explanation of idioms. In group two, the same idioms were presented in short, familiar contexts, and in the third group, the participants focused on the exact meaning of the constituent parts of each idiom. At the end of the experimental period, comprehension and production posttests of idioms were administered. Two one–way ANOVA procedures were used to analyze data. Results showed that the participants of the etymological elaboration group performed significantly better than the participants of the lexical knowledge group on idiom production. The differences between the means in all other comparisons were not statistically significant. These findings may have implications for teachers, learners, and syllabus designers.

متن هر سندی با توجه به هدفی که از آن انتظار می رود، متشکل از جملاتی است که از نظر اصول گفتار به منزله ابزاری هستند که برای نیل به یک هدف خاص از آن ها استفاده می شود. در این مقاله ویژگی های ارتباطی جملاتی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارمی گیرد که در آن ها از فعل «درخواست کردن» استفاده شده است. جملات نمونه از بین آن دسته از متون حقوقی انتخاب شده است که تشکیل دهنده مجموعه قوانین منطقه ای هستند. بر همین اساس، در این کار تحقیقی بخش نامه ها و مقررات به عنوان نمونه متون اداری، اظهارنامه ها و اقرارنامه ها، درخواست ها، سفارش نامه ها، استعلام ها، معرفی نامه ها، آگهی ها، یادداشت های اداری و مانند این ها به عنوان نمونه متونی که بار اطلاع رسانی دارند، برای تجزیه و تحلیل انتخاب شده اند. برای توصیف دقیق و کامل نحوه شکل گیری زنجیره گفتار در چارچوب هدف تعیین شده در این مقاله، عواملی که به نحوی در شکل گیری جملات انگیزشی دخیل و مؤثر هستند نیز بررسی شده است. از نظر عوامل محیطی، جملاتی انتخاب شده اند که در موقعیت گفتار رسمی به کار می روند. از نظر مشروط بودن، آن دسته از جملاتی انتخاب شده اند که جنبه خلاقانه دارند. مهم ترین نکته ای که در انتخاب نمونه متن ها لحاظ شده است، آزادی عمل مخاطب یا گیرنده، تأثیرگذاری و سطح متون است؛ زیرا این ویژگی ها با توجه به هدف یک سند ممکن است در اسناد گوناگون با همدیگر تفاوت داشته و تعیین کننده سطح استاندارد بودن یک متن باشند.

ارزیابی دانش دستوری یکی از موارد تقریبا مغفول در تحقیقات رشته ی آموزش زبان با سوالات بی پاسخ فراوانی می باشد (پورپورا، 2004). مروری بر سازه دستوردر ادییات تحقیق بیانگر آن است که مدل های دستور زبان به صورت مکفی به ابعاد این دانش نپرداخته اند. تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از پیشنهادات اخیر در مورد ماهیت توسعه دانش دستوری اقدام به تهیه ی چارچوبی شامل ابعاد پیچیدگی، گستره، و قوت برای یافتن بهترین پیش بین وضعیت دانش دستوری فراگیران زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم کرده است. به این منظور، سند اولیه مشخصات آزمون دانش دستوری تهیه و توسط گروهی متشکل از هفت کارشناسی که در زمینه بررسی سند آزمون تربیت شده بودند مورد بازبینی قرار گرفت. سند مشخصات اصلاح و آزموی مبتنی بر آن به 158 فراگیر انگلیسی با سطوح مختلف توانش داده شد. سوالات با استفاده از نظریه کلاسیک آزمون و مدل راش تحلیل گردید. نتایج رگراسیون گام به گام حاکی از آن است که بهترین مدل پیش بین دانش دستوری فراگیران با توانایی پایین تر شامل گستره و قوت است در حالیکه برای فراگیران با توانایی بالاتر بهترین مدل پیش بین قوت و پیچیدگی است. این یافته دال بر آن است که سند مشخصات آزمون دانش دستوری می تواند شامل ترکیبی از صورتهای سوال مختلف برای اندازه گیری ابعاد مختلف این دانش باشد.

Teaching and learning of French as a foreign language in any Anglophone country such as Ghana is an extremely difficult task to undertake both on the part of the teacher and the student. This is evidenced in the general low performance of students in the subject at the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) level in both public and private schools over the years. This case study paper follows, examines, and documents evidence (in a day) of an exemplary French teacher, Pangloss who, by dint of hard work, has brought tremendous success to his students. This article critically analyzes the difference and excellence he brings unto the teaching and learning of French even as a part-time teacher in a public Junior High School (JHS) in the Muzumba community within the Cape Zone Metropolis. The paper’s preoccupation is to typically observe the characteristics of this individual foreign language teacher with a view to probing deeply and analyzing intensively the multifarious phenomena that constitute his professional demeanor, the processes he employs in teaching, and the opportunities he creates for student learning purposely to establish some insights on how teaching and learning of French could be made better to the wider French teacher population in Ghana.

This study attempted to determine the effect of background music while silent reading on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. The participants were 57 Iranian EFL learners between the ages of 14 and 16 in two 3rd grade high schoolclasses at pre-intermediate proficiency level. Before treatment,both experimental and control groups took a reading comprehension pretest. In the experimental group, the researchers played Mozart sonatas as background music and asked them to read the passage silently and then answer the reading comprehension questions. In the control group, the procedure was the same, but no music was played while silent reading by the students. After ten sessions, the students of both groups were asked to answer another independent but parallel form of reading section of PET as their post-test. The independent samples t-testresultsindicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in reading comprehension posttest, and listening to background music while silent reading had a significantly positive effect on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. The results of the present study have implications for EFL students, teachers, and teacher educators as well as syllabus designers and materials developers.

Lesson plan is a written description of education process in which it is shown what, when, where and with which method learners should learn and how they should be assessed. Lesson plan is one of the key factors in the educational process. According to the literature available, unfortunately few studies have been conducted on this issue in the context of Iran. Therefore, the effect of EFL teachers' attitudes towards lesson planning on improving teaching process seems to be neglected to some extent. With regard to this gap, the present study was an attempt to survey 93 English teachers' views concerning lesson plan at secondary high schools and institutions. Participants in this study answered a Modified Questionnaire, adopted from Ramaila et al. (2014). This Questionnaire was used to measure teachers' attitudes towards lesson planning and the degree of educational differences among them. Data analysis was done by utilizing descriptive statistics and T-test. The results showed that English teachers agreed with utilizing lesson plan. No significant difference was observed among teachers' views concerning the given variable. The findings revealed that due to the importance of lesson plan, holding specialized workshops may provide information for developing better course plans.