فیلترهای جستجو:
فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۹٬۹۸۱ تا ۱۰٬۰۰۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۳۰۳ مورد.
منبع:
international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۸, Spring ۲۰۲۴
131 - 147
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present investigation attempted to see if using literary texts could lead into any change in learners' interest or perception toward literature. The research also attempted to find students' perception on using literary content in language learning based on learners' opinions. The investigation finally sought to discover the way learners' interest in literature changed as a result of using literary texts as the instructional content. The Research employed a mixed-method design to answer the questions proposed in the study. After analyzing data through t-test, Gain-score comparison and thematic analysis, the results showed that using literary content worked as useful and constructive for learners in language learning and life objectives. The results further confirmed that learners' interest level improved positively due to using simplified literary texts, whereas, the positive role could not be seen in using authentic literary content. Accordingly, content selection from literature along with considering learners' life needs are able to make language learning more attractive to learners. The results also support that developing newer books with literary texts can provide learners with different knowledge like cultural awareness, social knowledge or historical background, which seem to be urgent life needs in today's modern society.
بررسی درزمانی اصطلاحات خویشاوندی در زبان فارسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
همه جوامع برای ارجاع به خویشاوندان و مورد خطاب قرار دادن آن ها از اصطلاحات خویشاوندی استفاده می کنند. اغلب بررسی های انجام شده در زمینه روابط خویشاوندی، بر پایه روابط نسبی و سببی صورت گرفته اند و به این نکته توجه نشده است که در برخی از جوامع، روابط خویشاوندی براساس معیارهایی به غیر از معیارهای نسبی و سببی تعریف می شوند. درواقع، مسیرهای تبارشناختی، نمی توانند این دانش فرهنگی را نشان دهند. در رویکرد تحلیلی اتخاذ شده در پژوهش حاضر، اصطلاحات خویشاوندی به عنوان عناصری فرهنگی در نظر گرفته شده اند. در این روش، نقشه های خویشاوندی بدون ارجاع به روابط تبارشناختی امکان بازشناسایی مفاهیم خویشاوندی نخستین را فراهم می کنند و به این ترتیب قادر به نمایاندن تفاوت های فرهنگی هستند. چارچوب به کاررفته در این پژوهش، پایه و اساس جامعی برای مطالعه مقابله ای نظام های خویشاوندی به دست می دهد. در پژوهش حاضر، نقشه اصطلاحات خویشاوندی فارسی در دوره ها ی ایرانی باستان، ایرانی میانه و ایرانی نو به دست داده شده است. در نقشه ها، گره آغازین «من» در مرکز قرار دارد و اصطلاحات خویشاوندی نخستین نسبت به این مفهوم شناسایی شده اند. بررسی و مقایسه درزمانی نقشه های اصطلاحات خویشاوندی فارسی در سه دوره مذکور نشان می دهد در دوره میانه، جنس دستوری از بین رفته است؛ اما جنسیت بیولوژیکی همچنان حفظ شده است. در این دوره، برخی اصطلاحات خویشاوندی حذف و برخی اضافه شده اند. در دوره فارسی نو نیز شاهد افزایش تعداد اصطلاحات خویشاوندی، وام گیری از زبان های دیگر، رواج کاربرد اصطلاحات خویشاوندی دو تکواژی و کاهش اهمیت جنسیت بیولوژیکی در بیان روابط خویشاوندی هستیم.
On the Importance of Learning Vocabulary in Academic Materials: A Mixed- Methods Study to Probe into the State of Language Progress, Willingness to Communicate and Academic Engagement from the Voices of EFL Learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This investigation aimed to inform instructional practices that foster linguistic development and enhance the overall language learning experience by unraveling the nuanced dynamics at play. To this end, the researchers explored the influence of two distinct vocabulary books, "Keyword for Fluency" and "1100 Words You Need to Know," on language growth, willingness to communicate (WTC), and academic engagement within the upper-intermediate learner demographic. With 40 participants in the experimental group (EG) exposed to "Keyword for Fluency" and 40 participants in the control group (CG) using "1100 Words You Need to Know", all demonstrating upper-intermediate language proficiency, a concurrent mixed-methods research design was employed. A comprehensive teacher-made test was designed and administered to gauge language growth. The EG received targeted instruction based on "Keyword for Fluency," while the CG adhered to conventional language teaching methods centered on "1100." Our findings showcased substantial language growth, increased WTC, and enhanced academic engagement among participants in the EG as opposed to the CG. This study offers valuable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and researchers seeking to optimize vocabulary instruction strategies for upper-intermediate learners.
Iranian Advanced EFL Learners’ Perception of Criteria-Referenced Self-and-Peer Assessment: Benefits and Challenges(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۳, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳
107 - 126
حوزههای تخصصی:
Self-assessment, a form of alternative assessment focusing on learner-centered curricula, autonomy, and needs analysis, has gained prominence recently. Via individual and cooperative self-assessment, EFL learners notice and apply the established standards and criteria that would decide on the accuracy and fluency of their productions, particularly in challenging areas like writing that require detailed forms of assessment. Here, learners’ capacity to self-assess and peer-assess their writings could contribute to their developmental functions. The objective of this study was to explore a specific number of Iranian EFL learners’ perceptions of criteria-referenced self-and-peer assessment in writing through a mixed-method survey. Sixty EFL learners were asked to answer a questionnaire on self-and-peer assessment. Additionally, 15 learners were requested to answer semi-structured interview questions to express their perceptions toward criteria-referenced self-and-peer assessment. For the quantitative phase of the study, a self- and peer-assessment questionnaire developed by Cornelius and Kinghorn (2014) was utilized. The questionnaire's reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and content validity was confirmed. For the qualitative phase of the study, the researcher developed and conducted a semi-structured interview with five open-ended questions with validated content. The data related to the quantitative and qualitative phases were analyzed through descriptive statistics including the frequency percentage and content analysis methods, respectively. Results revealed learners had positive perceptions towards criteria-referenced self-and peer assessment in language classes. The findings offer beneficial implications for EFL teachers, learners, test developers, and administrators.
Is Technology an Asset? Enhancing EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Knowledge and Listening Comprehension through CALL
منبع:
Research in English Education Volume ۹, Issue ۱ (۲۰۲۴)
50 - 69
حوزههای تخصصی:
Technology-enhanced language instruction has attracted researchers’ attention in language teaching and learning in recent decades. Accordingly, the present mixed-methods study attempts to investigate the effect of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on EFL learners’ vocabulary development and listening comprehension. In doing so, 60 intermediate EFL learners were conveniently chosen for the quantitative phase of the study and were divided into one experimental group (n=30) and one control group (n=30). The teacher-researchers taught vocabulary tasks and listening skills to both groups, using computer software for the experimental group and the traditional method for the control group for 10 sessions for 5 weeks straight. To look into the effect of CALL instruction, quantitative methodology was employed. By analyzing the mean scores of the learners’ pre-test and post-test, it was revealed that the incorporation of computer software in English Language Teaching (ELT) classes resulted in learners’ significant improvement in vocabulary learning and listening comprehension. Then, the qualitative phase of the study began and 24 learners from the same experimental group were invited to semi-structured interviews to share their experiences of CALL classes with the researchers. The qualitative analysis of learners’ data manifested two thematic categories: 1) technology is an asset to EFL learners, and 2) technology makes the input more comprehensible. The findings of the study contributed to the conscious use of technology-enhanced instruction through computer and mobile tools to provide an interactive learning atmosphere for EFL learners, and to help them develop language skills and sub-skills, which seems beneficial for both EFL learners and teachers as ubiquitous technology is becoming an inevitable member of teaching and learning community.
بررسی زبان شناختی کهنترین متن گاهشماری فارسی به خط مانوی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
متن M150 ازجمله دست نوشته های مجموعه متن های مانوی آکادمی علوم برلین است که به خط مانوی و به زبان فارسی نو آغازین نوشته شده است. این متن را مانویان فارسی زبان آسیای میانه، به نگارش در آورده اند و ازجمله کهن ترین متن های فارسی دری است. این دست نوشته به گونه جدولی تنظیم شده که بیشتر قسمت های آن آسیب دیده و دارای واژه های عربی بسیاری است که یک نمونه از گاهشماری سغدی- مانوی مربوط به نیمه نخست قرن چهارم هجری به شمار می رود. در این متن، نام روزها زردشتی، ولی نام سیاره ها و برج های دوازده گانه (صور فلکی) به صورت عربی آمده است. این مقاله، ابتدا به معرفی این گاهشماری قرن چهارم هجری می پردازد و سپس نویسه گردانی، آوانوشت و ترجمه شده و در پایان همراه با توضیحات و یادداشت ها به بررسی آن پرداخته شده است.
Constructing a Local Rubric for Iranian EFL High School Learners’ Speaking Skill: High School Teachers and University Professors’ Voices(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Reviewing the literature, there is an evident lack of appropriate research on the potential difficulties of assessing speaking skill and the urgent need of more rigorous assessment of speaking skill and its intricacies. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a collaborative local rubric for assessing Iranian high school students’ speaking skill constructed through the school-university members' collaboration. The participants of this study were 3 high school English teachers and 3 university instructors. They had at least 5 years of experience in English teaching and familiarity with rubrics and how to use and develop them.To gather data, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the participants. After coding and analyzing the data, it was revealed that the participants mentioned some similar criteria such as the importance of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and the use of a 0-4 assessment scale. However, some contradictions arose between the participants about the scores and the strictness/flexibility of those levels. The currently-developed speaking rubric, which is a simulation of the IELTS and TOEFL speaking rubrics, intended to help high school teachers undertake a more thorough assessment resulting in students’ enhanced learning of speaking. This study proposed practical implications for teachers and instructors in particular test constructors and examiners.
Plural Marking in Mahshahri, an Iranian Dialect on the Northern Coast of the Persian Gulf(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
In this article, the plural marker in the Mahshahri dialect is examined. Mahshahri is the native language of the people of Bandar-e Mahshahr. This dialect has close similarities with other Iranian language varieties spoken in southern Iran, particularly those of other southern cities of Khuzestan Province, and Iranian language varieties of Bushehr, Fars and Kohkiluye and Boyr-Ahmad provinces. From a methodological point of view, this research is descriptive and analytical. The research data were mainly obtained through a questionnaire and by examining the text of a twenty-minute continuous speech from the Mahshahri dialect. The investigations carried out in this article show that the plural marker of Mahshahri is /-æl/, which, based on the phonetic environment of the base to which it is added, can have other allomorphic manifestations as well. The conducted studies also indicate that there are variations in the use of the plural marker in the Mahshahri dialect. These variations, in many cases, align with the replacement of the marker with its standard Persian counterparts. Therefore, the variations that can be seen in the use of the plural marker of Mahshahri can be considered in line with other current changes that are underway in the direction of leveling the dialect with standard Persian in Iran.
Effectiveness of Audiovisual Materials in Developing Tertiary Level Learners' English Listening and Speaking Skills
حوزههای تخصصی:
Communication skill is considered to be one of the most demanding skills of the day, and proficiency in listening and speaking skills paves the way for being communicative. To develop one’s listening and speaking skills, there are many ways and factors including the use of audiovisual materials in an English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. This study analyzed the effectiveness of audiovisual materials in developing tertiary level students' English listening and speaking skills. To do so, experiments followed by formative assessment were carried out on the first-year undergraduate students of the Department of English, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh. To triangulate the experiment results and ensure trustworthiness, a student-questionnaire survey was also conducted. The overall findings revealed that the use of audiovisual materials has a major impact on the development of listening and speaking skills of EFL students. The findings of this research are supposed to help education policymakers, education administrators, teachers, and students to adopt better policies and decisions to make teaching and learning English more effective and fruitful at different stages in second or foreign language contexts.
EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Interaction-based Learning and Their Willingness to Communicate(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
It is believed that classroom interaction is essential for learning a second language (L2). Studies on teaching second/foreign language present evidence that affirms the significance of interaction in language learning and its function in facilitating learners' attempts to gain competency in an L2. They also consider learners’ affective states and their perceptions of classroom interaction to be as significant as instruction. On the other hand, the notion of willingness to communicate (WTC) in an L2 has attracted interest in L2 research and how to accelerate L2 learners’ WTC is gaining importance day by day. Considering the significance of these two constructs in L2 learning, this article reports on an investigation into EFL learners’ perceptions of class interactions in English language and how these perceptions are related to their WTC. Applying quantitative methods, the study aims to examine how Iraqi EFL learners’ perceptions of interaction inside the class are correlated to their L2 WTC. The data obtained from 112 learners were utilized for analysis. The findings indicated different kinds of learners’ perceptions of class interactions in English, including perceptions of interaction with the teacher, perceptions of interaction with group members, perceptions of interaction in pairs, and perceptions of classroom interaction between others, are positively related to WTC. The findings have implications for research and teaching.
ارزیابی ترجمه های فارسی در خصوص واژگان مترادف نمای مرتبط با مفهوم گناه در قرآن(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
واکاوی میزان رعایت اصل عدم ترادف در الفاظ قرآن در ترجمه واژگان مترادف نما، از برجسته ترین ملاک های ارزیابی کار مترجمان است. ازجمله واژگان مترادف نما در آیات الهی، واژگان مرتبط با مفهوم گناه است. دقت در ترجمه این واژگان به فهم و درک بهتر معارف والای قرآن در سه حوزه عقاید، احکام و اخلاق می انجامد. در همین راستا، این پژوهش می کوشد با روش توصیفی تحلیلی توأم با نقد و با ارزیابی ترجمه های آقایان معزی، فولادوند، آیتی، الهی قمشه ای و خانم صفارزاده به عنوان نمایندگان پنج روش ترجمه تحت اللفظی، وفادار، معنایی، تفسیری و آزاد به این مسائل پاسخ دهد؛ بهترین معادل برای واژگان مترادف نمای مرتبط با مفهوم گناه در زبان فارسی چیست؟ موفق ترین روش ترجمه درخصوص واژگان یادشده کدام است؟ فرضیه تحقیق پیش رو عبارت است از اینکه مترجمان فارسی زبان در ترجمه واژگان مرتبط با مفهوم گناه به مثابه دسته ای از واژگان مترادف نمای قرآن، اصل عدم ترادف را لحاظ نکرده اند، در حالی که با عنایت به اصل معنایی واژگان یادشده امکان تبیین وجوه تمایز این الفاظ در ترجمه وجود دارد. نتایج ارزیابی های صورت گرفته حاکی از آن است که بیان معنای دقیق این الفاظ با عنایت به اصل معنایی واژگان یادشده و در قالب واژگانی مختصر و مفید و یا در قالب توضیحاتی درون پرانتز در روش های معنایی، آزاد و تفسیری امکان پذیر است، اما به دلیل محدودیت ناشی از ذات و طبیعت روش های ترجمه تحت اللفظی و وفادار، این دو روش چندان کارآمد نیستند.
Role of Iranian EFL Teachers' Biological Factors in Managing Learners' Misbehaviours(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۴۸, Spring ۲۰۲۴
27 - 39
حوزههای تخصصی:
Classroom management is a key component of teachers' professional competent for promoting learning. This study investigated teachers' classroom management strategies in responding to Iranian EFL learners' misbehaviours in terms of teachers' biological factors including age and gender. The participants of the study were 75 (41 females and 34 males) teachers at universities and in language institutes of Fars Province, Iran. The study enjoyed a descriptive design using two sets of instruments encompassing a Five Likert-scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview for collecting the data. The questionnaire determined teachers' classroom management strategies and the interview collected their opinions regarding classroom management. To analyze the data, one-way ANOVA and an independent sample t-test were run. The findings indicated that teachers' age and gender had significant effects on the types of strategies that they used when they faced misbehaviour. The findings also revealed that male teachers significantly used the strategies such as verbal warning, and female teachers removing the student from the class. The age groups were different in terms of using two strategies namely reward student with free time or activities and lower students' grade. The findings could have implication for curriculum designers, EFL teachers, and policymakers because it could enhance their skills in better management of learners' misbehaviours.
بررسی خطاهای زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان ژاپنی، در استفاده از حرف اضافه «ni» در مهارت نوشتاری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
در پژوهش حاضر براساس نظریه ی «تحلیل خطا» و با بهره گیری از روش میدانی، به ارزیابی و بررسی پربسامدترین خطاهای زبان آموزان ایرانی در زمینه ی کاربرد حرف اضافه «ni» در مهارت نوشتاری زبان ژاپنی پرداختیم. نخست داده های این پژوهش، از نگارش 59 نفر از دانشجویان زبان ژاپنی دانشگاه تهران استخراج شد، سپس از نظر منشأ در قالب خطاهای «بین زبانی»، «درون زبانی» و «مبهم» و از نظر نوع خطا در سه گروه «حذف»، «اضافه» و «جایگزینی» مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از تحلیل داده ها، درصد به کارگیری هریک از خطاها و فراوانی آنها به تفکیک دسته بندی های ذکر شده، محاسبه گردید. با توجه به داده های جمع آوری شده و با تکیه بر نتایج حاصل از تحلیل آنها، مشخص شد که از میان چهارده گروه خطای استخراج شده، پنج گروه از خطاهای تولید شده توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی، با منشاء «بین زبانی»، پنج گروه با منشاء «درون زبانی» و چهار گروه با منشاء «مبهم» هستند. علاوه بر این، عمده ترین دلیل ایجاد خطاها بر اساس فرایند تولید، از نوع «جایگزینی» بوده است؛ غیر از نقش معنایی «نشانگر زمان و ترتیب انجام عمل» که هر سه نوع خطا در آن مشاهده گردید، در بقیه نقش ها، فقط خطای «جایگزینی» رخ داده بود. یافته های این پژوهش، ما را به این نتیجه رهنمون ساخت که «تداخل زبانی» و خطاهای «درون زبانی» به طور یکسان در بروز خطاهای مرتبط با حرف اضافه «ni»، نقش دارند.
Exploring EFL teachers’ and learners’ beliefs and practices about task rehearsal(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The goal of this study was to explore English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ and learners’ beliefs and classroom practices in relation to task rehearsal as an operationalization of repeating a task, which entails learners’ awareness of the repeated performance before they do a task for the first time. Five intact EFL classes with five teachers and 32 learners were recruited. The teachers asked the learners to perform a task that was included in the textbook twice with an interval of one week, while they made the learners aware of the second iteration prior to their first performance. Data were collected through observing the two sessions of each class and interviewing both the teachers and the learners immediately after the second task occasion. Results indicated that the participants (both teachers and learners) believed that task rehearsal was beneficial for facilitating task implementation and task performance. Findings also showed that task rehearsal led the participants to show changes in their classroom behaviors related to this practice from the first to the second session, which clearly reflected their beliefs. Implications of these results for L2 task implementation and teacher education are discussed.
The Interaction Between Lexical Cohesion and L2 Vocabulary Size and Depth in TOEFL Reading Item Types(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۶ مرداد و شهریور ۱۴۰۴ شماره ۳ (پیاپی ۸۷)
245 - 272
حوزههای تخصصی:
Few studies have addressed the interaction among reader and text variables in reading comprehension. This research probed the role of aspects of lexical knowledge to the TOEFL reading comprehension of passages with low and high lexical cohesion. The extent of this contribution was checked for five types of TOEFL reading test items: Main Idea, Stated Detail, Inference, Reference, and Lexical Inferencing. For this purpose, 60 Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) took the New Vocabulary Levels Test (NVLT), Word Associates Test (WAT), and TOEFL reading comprehension tests with low and high lexical cohesion determined through the computational tool Coh-Metrix. Results of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed that the students outperformed on three types of TOEFL reading items (Main Idea, Inference, and Lexical Inferencing) for texts with high lexical cohesion. Multiple linear regression analyses further showed that vocabulary depth was a stronger predictor of the participants’ scores on Lexical Inferencing item of TOEFL reading texts with high lexical cohesion, while vocabulary size predicted the same item performance for the low-lexical-cohesion subtest. Moreover, vocabulary depth could significantly predict performance on Main Idea test item of TOEFL high-lexical-cohesion subtest over and above the low-lexical-cohesion subtest. The implications for teachers, test designers, and materials writers are discussed.
Factors Determining the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of the Iranian Preservice English Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed at describing a causal model of variables influencing preservice EFL teachers΄ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). A descriptive correlational design was used to meet the objective of the study, therefore, 138 (67 male and 71 female) fourth-year student teachers in Teacher Education University were selected through convenience sampling method. A questionnaire including seven sections each of which measuring an aspect of TPACK was utilized. The sections of instrument were borrowed from those validated by Sahin (2011) for evaluating content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and technological knowledge, and by Chai, et al. (2011) for measuring technological knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge and TPACK. Path analysis and Pearson correlation were used for inferential statistical analysis. Results showed that there existed significant positive correlations between the TPACK constructs. Additionally, content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge, unlike technological knowledge, were found to have a direct impact on TPACK. Moreover, it was found that, among the measured variables, content knowledge had the greatest total effect on TPACK whereas that of pedagogical content knowledge was the minimum. Therefore, the results of this study have implications for curriculum design, policy decisions and teacher education planning.
Multifaceted Challenges in English Language Education: Perspectives from Secondary School Teachers and Students in Baluchistan, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
English language education in Baluchistan, Iran, faces unique challenges due to the region's socio-economic conditions and limited access to resources. This study investigates the specific teaching and learning difficulties within secondary schools in this region. A mixed-methods approach was employed, gathering quantitative data from 80 teachers through a questionnaire and qualitative insights from 57 students via semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that teachers encounter obstacles such as unclear course objectives, inadequate instructional methods, time constraints, and insufficient administrative support. Students, on the other hand, struggle with curriculum disengagement, a lack of authentic language practice opportunities, low motivation, and emotional barriers like anxiety and fear of judgment. Additionally, the limited integration of technological resources hampers effective language learning. These insights challenge the assumption that resource availability alone can improve language teaching, underscoring the importance of proper resource utilization and teacher training. The study advocates for a localized approach to curriculum design that aligns global language learning goals with Baluchistan’s socio-cultural context. Practical recommendations include modernizing teacher training, addressing emotional barriers, and creating a more supportive environment for teachers and students alike.
In Pursuit of Meaning in Persian and English Novels: An Existential Approach to The Scorched Earth and The Neighbor Versus A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۵۰, Autumn ۲۰۲۴
23 - 35
حوزههای تخصصی:
This comparative study examines the works of two prominent novelists, Ernest Hemingway and Ahmad Mahmoud, through the lens of Existentialism. Both authors are renowned for their unique styles and themes that probe the human condition and the quest for meaning in life. This research compares their works, including Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises and Mahmoud’s The Neighbors and The Scorched Earth to differentiate the similarities and differences in their approaches to Existentialism. Based on an existential perspective, the study aims to examine how characters in the novels of Hemingway and Mahmoud grapple with existential crises, confront the absurdity of life, navigate concepts of freedom and authenticity, and cope with existential anxiety. Results show that while Hemingway's characters often exhibit a stoic acceptance of the absurdity of life and adopt a sense of freedom in their choices, Mahmoud's characters tend to struggle more intensely with existential anxiety and undergo profound existential crises as they confront the complexities of their existence. Moreover, Hemingway's characters typically fail to stick to their true selves and what they believe in, while Mahmoud's characters might struggle more with being true to themselves and finding their own identity
The Role of Construct Validity in Designing English Language Assessment Tasks(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The field of language assessment, commemorating its 40th anniversary since the launch of language testing, has evolved significantly over the years. This study aimed to investigate the key findings and insights from exploring the role of construct validity in shaping the design of English Language Assessment (ELA) tasks. Additionally, it delved into the challenges encountered in construct validity research studies and the strategies suggested by experts to enhance it. The research team utilized a mixed-method research design for the current study. A total sample size of 37 participants was deployed. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize survey responses using quantitative analysis software (e.g., SPSS). Qualitative data was coded and organized using qualitative analysis software (e.g., NVIVO). Based on the research findings, experts in the current study have proposed strategies, and recommendations for enhancing construct validity. These strategies encompassed the incorporation of contextual factors into assessment design, the promotion of continuous validation research, the diversification of task types, and the active involvement of test-takers in the assessment development process. The findings of this study may render implications for EFL teachers, teacher trainers, and assessment administrators.
مفهوم سازی استعاری حجاب در گفتمان رسانه ای داخل کشور؛ رویکردی شناختی و تحلیل گفتمانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
پژوهش حاضر می کوشد استعاره های مفهومی رایج در گفتمان حجاب را با رویکرد زبان شناسی شناختی و براساس دو نظریه استعاره مفهومی (لیکاف و جانسون، 1980) و تحلیل انتقادی استعاره (چارتریس-بلک، 2004) تحلیل کند. در این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، داده ها متشکل از عبارات استعاری مرتبط با موضوع حجاب است که از متون رسانه ای داخل کشور شامل خبرگزاری های فارس، مشرق نیوز، مهر، تسنیم، باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان و نیز پایگاه اینترنتی خبرآنلاین استخراج شده اند. استخراج داده ها به کمک روش جستجوی کلیدواژه و در یک دوره زمانی یک ساله از ابتدای تیرماه 1401 تا انتهای خردادماه 1402 صورت گرفته است. نتایج مطالعه نشان می دهد که حوزه مفهومی جنگ مهم ترین حوزه مبدأ برای مفهوم سازی حجاب است که استعاره های مفهومی متعددی از قبیل «حجاب، جبهه است»، «حجاب، سلاح است» و «حجاب، سنگر است» را شامل می شود که آن ها را می توان ذیل کلید مفهومی «مقوله حجاب، میدان جنگ است» قرار داد. علاوه بر جنگ، حوزه های دیگری مانند محافظت، ساختمان و بازار نیز برای مفهوم سازی حجاب به کار رفته اند. در طرف مقابل، مفهوم بی حجابی نیز با استعاره هایی از حوزه جنگ، بیماری، گیاهان، آتش و بازار بیان شده اند. کارکرد استدلالی و عاطفی این استعاره ها تولیدکنندگان گفتمان حجاب را قادر می سازد تا نگرش ها و باورهای ایدئولوژیکی خود را به صورتی مؤثر منتقل و ترویج کنند.