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The current study aimed to explore the impact of content and language integrated project (CLIP)-based instruction on electrical engineering students’ vocabulary knowledge. To this end, a sample of 60 electrical engineering students was selected based on their performance on the Cambridge English Objective Proficiency Practice Test (CEOPPT). The participants were subsequently divided into two groups including an experimental and a control group. The study comprised five main stages: administering the proficiency test, conducting a vocabulary pretest, implementing the treatment, administering a vocabulary posttest, and administering a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) questionnaire. Both groups received CLIP/CLIL instructions over the period of eight sessions. The experimental group, however, received their instructions enriched by the assistance of co-teachers following a team model and supplemented by video-based instructions. At the end of the treatment, the vocabulary posttest and a questionnaire were used to collect the data. The results of a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA revealed that CLIP instruction delivered through co-teaching had a substantial positive effect on the electrical engineering students’ vocabulary knowledge. This finding was further corroborated by the results obtained from the CLIL/CLIP questionnaire, showing the participants’ positive attitude toward CLIP instructions.

In this study an attempt has been made to investigate if vocabulary tests may predict L2 learners’ writing score in IELTS. 131 postgraduate international students studying in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) who obtained the minimum score (i.e. 6) in IELTS as a requirement for enrollment were participants of this study. Two vocabulary size tests (PVLT & Lex30) together with a test of vocabulary depth (WAT) were given to participants. Then, participants’ scores from three tests were correlated with their score in the writing section of IELTS. The results of the study revealed significant correlation coefficients between productive vocabulary size and academic writing skills. Moreover, the findings of Multiple Regression indicated that productive vocabulary levels test (PVLT) could be possibly a good predictor for IELTS academic writing. Further, scatter plots revealed a possible threshold of 2000 words for a L2 learner to get 7 in IELTS academic writing. The findings drawn from the study enable teachers to predict their learners’ competency in writing skill by through various vocabulary tests.

De nos jours, les communications ont un rôle important dans la vie, c’est pourquoi l'apprentissage d'une nouvelle langue étrangère, comme le français, est considéré comme un atout. Selon les dernières recherches, il est préférable de commencer à apprendre une langue étrangère dès l'enfance. Dans l'enseignement de la langue aux enfants, il est essentiel que les enseignants fournissent un environnement dans lequel les enfants peuvent s’intéresser à l'apprentissage de la langue. Notre recherche vise à évaluer le rôle des styles d'apprentissage dans l'enseignement de la langue française aux enfants iraniens du niveau A1. La problématique est la suivante : « Comment les enseignants du FLE, diplômés de la langue française ou maîtrisant cette langue, prennent-ils en compte les styles d'apprentissage spécifiques des enfants iraniens dans leur enseignement du français ?» Pour répondre à la problématique, nous avons préparé un questionnaire en ligne et nous l’avons distribué parmi 13 enseignants du FLE provenant de l'école primaire privée "Bamdad Parsi" et de l'institut "Iranmehr". A partir des conclusions, nous comprenons que le style d'apprentissage dominant de la plupart des enfants est visuel et kinesthésique. Les enseignants préparent et mettent en œuvre des activités didactiques qui leur conviennent. Dans des cours collectifs à effectifs nombreux, les enseignants conçoivent plus leurs activités didactiques en se basant sur trois styles d’apprentissage (visuel, kinesthésique, auditif).

On a considéré la première traduction du Gulistan de Saadi en français par André du Ryer en 1634 comme un tournant dans l’histoire des échanges culturels franco-iraniens. De ce point de vue, cette première traduction d’un chef-d’œuvre persan en France est très importante ; elle fait connaître Saadi et son Gulistan non seulement en France, mais aussi dans le monde occidental. Autrement dit, c’est l’œuvre qui initie l’Occident à la poésie persane. Cependant, en lisant attentivement le Gulistan ou l’Empire des Roses, nous découvrons d’abord que cette œuvre n’est pas une traduction complète et qu’ensuite, elle porte de fréquentes et graves erreurs de traduction. L’objet de notre article est d’étudier les défauts de cette traduction imparfaite, à savoir sa monotonie (la présentation matérielle du texte original non respectée), les ajouts, les suppressions et les modifications injustifiables (ceux qui dénaturent complètement le sens des idées de Saadi, allant parfois jusqu’à les contredire) et le contresens dont les exemples ne sont pas rares dans l’œuvre en question.

This study aimed at exploring Iranian thesis supervisors’ views on examiners’ fair in examining M.A. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL )thesis in Iran. In so doing, a phenomenological design was used. 20 M.A. thesis supervisors participated in the study who were selected through purposeful sampling. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was used. Data analysis was conducted via manual thematic analysis. According to the results, the following views were among those extracted for M.A. theses supervisors about examiners’ fair: Examiners’ unfair in Examining Theses; Inattention to the Standards of Thesis Writing; Judgment Based on Personal Mood; Examiners’ Personal Problems with Supervisors; and Examiners’ Relation with Students. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that according to the perceptions of Iranian TEFL thesis supervisors, examiners are not just and fair in examining theses. They pay attention to the issues such as previous relations, personal problems, practicing power and such matters which are non-relevant to thesis itself. It can also be concluded that Iranian TEFL thesis examiners, at least according to thesis supervisors' views, are illiterate or unknowledgeable in terms of statistics and some research topics. This is a reason for their unfair in examining theses. The results have some implications for M.A. thesis examiners, students, higher education administrators, and researchers.

Writing by which students can be assessed plays an important function in the education process. By considering this fact, investigating the impact of graphic organizer strategy on improving Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ complexity of written performance was the main goal of this study. 40 intermediate EFL learners were selected as the participants of the study on the basis of findings of Preliminary English Test. After that, they were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. To assess the initial writing ability of participants, two groups were given a pre-test prior to the treatment. After applying traditional method to the control group and the graphic organizer strategies to the experimental group, both groups received a post-test to examine the effect of materials. To examine the effectiveness of the treatment, an independent samples t-test was conducted. To see the progression amount between pre-test and post-test of the experimental group, a paired samples t-test was also employed. The findings of the study indicated that graphic organizer strategies improved the learners’ complexity of written performance. The results have some implications for EFL/ESL teachers, students, test and materials developers, and syllabus designers.

In today's society, it is important for teachers, particularly foreign language teachers, to understand that reflectivity is considered as a main factor in growing teaching profession. This study sought to examine the different dimensions of reflective teaching among Iranian EFL teachers considering the variables of gender, academic degree , teaching experience ,and interactional effect between them .In doing so, initially using an explanatory sequential mixed method survey design a five–point Lickert scale ,29-items Reflective Teaching Questionnaire including (practical, meta-cognitive, critical, cognitive and affective ) was distributed to 142 EFL teachers (male and female) with 4 to 30+ years of professional experience with BA, MA, and PhD. academic degrees. Considering teaching experience, the participants were categorized into three groups.MANOVA results indicated the significant effect of teachers’ experience on their reflective teaching with the least effect reported on the affective dimension. Secondly, sixteen EFL teachers were invited to participate in an interview. The results of the present study will be useful for EFL teachers to have effective teaching, and to involve themselves more in exploring their students’ learning styles and critical aspects of the teaching context. Obviously, reflective teaching would help teachers to foster their independence. The analysis revealed that shortage of time, prescribed syllabi, predetermined textbooks, and ineffective teacher training programs were the main obstacles to reflectivity as experienced by the teachers. The outcomes have pedagogical implications for Iranian EFL teachers and theoreticians in the area of language teaching.

Probablement le plus connu et le plus aimé, Cendrillon est un conte de fée que les enfants lisent et les adultes savent par cœur. Il s'agit d'une histoire connaissant de nombreuses variantes dans différents horizons pendant les siècles. En outre, il fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches littéraires et également psychologiques. Parmi les versions les plus connues de Cendrillon, nous choisissons celle de Charles Perrault qui est la première version écrite en France aux dernières années du 17e siècle et nous l'étudions à l'aide de l'approche de l'analyse transactionnelle qui est basée sur les théories de son fondateur Éric Berne, laquelle relève d’une théorie de la personnalité. Cette approche nous permet d'avoir un nouveau regard sur ce conte et d'étudier ses apports dans l'esprit de ses lecteurs. En suivant cette théorie, dans cet article, nous étudions le mystère du sort de Cendrillon, son plan de vie, le pourquoi et le comment de ses choix et ses décisions, et enfin les effets de la lecture de ce conte chez un lecteur-enfant.

Le langage familier de Sadegh Hedayat reflète de nombreux éléments culturels et folkloriques dans ses écrits. Ceux-ci incluent les expressions, les termes argotiques et les éléments culturels non-existants dans la langue cible. Tout cela a rendu difficile le travail des traducteurs. Dans cet article, en examinant la traduction française des Trois gouttes de sang faites par Frédérique Razavi, une nouvelle qui, du point de vue de la forme et du fond, semble être la plus complexe, nous avons mis en évidence sa méthode de traduction des éléments culturels du persan vers le français. Pour atteindre ce but, il nous faut confronter, dans la trame de cette nouvelle, les concepts ayant les connotations culturelles avec leurs traductions. Selon les modèles de Newmark et d’Aixela concernant la traduction des éléments spécifiques à la culture, nous avons montré que la traduction de Razavi est basée sur les équivalents fonctionnels avec différents degrés d'approximation culturelle.

The forced transition to online instruction due to covid-19 pandemic brought about many changes and challenges. Therefore, evaluating these changes is of utmost importance. The study aimed to contribute to the existing literature by investigating the online adaptation of Iranian EFL high-school teachers. Purposive sampling was employed to approach the 20 teacher participants of the study. To this end, the researchers used semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative data concerning their perception towards of online instruction. The results of the study were promising. Although they reported many challenges and shortcomings, they believed those weaknesses motivated them to increase their digital literacy and integrate ICT into their approach. Moreover, teachers saw the pandemic as a forced opportunity and believed it was time to harness the power of ICT integration in post-pandemic education. Finally, all the study findings and possible implications are discussed, and suggestions are presented to prevent barriers to online instruction.

Due to the high development of technology and limited research on pedagogical integration of web 2.0 in K-12 English classrooms, the objective of this study is to understand the web 2.0 technology integration in pedagogy in K-12 English classrooms in recent five years, find the gap, and provide insightful suggestions for further improvement. A systematic review with PRISMA 2020 guidance and theme analysis were conducted to achieve the research goal. The findings of the selected paper indicated that current English teachers valued technology-integrated content instruction, preferring to use more relevant and acceptable elements of teaching tools. The ongoing usage of adopting web 2.0 tool not only benefited students’ effective language learning but also enriched teachers’ teaching methods and improved teaching levels. Additionally, some obstacles were also revealed to web 2.0 tools' successful adoption in education, including the tool, teachers, and external influences. Relevant suggestions are made to improve the pedagogical integration of various tools.

Learning vocabulary seems to be a major focus of language instruction. The role of vocabulary knowledge in language learning has been studied by many researchers. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using online Quizlet flashcards and student-created Quizlet flashcards on learning and retention of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. Sixty Iranian elementary high school students who were randomly divided into 3 groups (twenty subjects per group) participated in this study. The materials and data collection instruments included the Quick Placement Test (QPT), the students’ textbook, Top Notch1 from which the vocabulary items were selected, a pre-test, an immediate post-test, and a delayed post-test. It should be mentioned that the control group was taught the words through the conventional method while the first experimental group received the words using online flashcards and the next experimental group worked on developing their own Quizlet flashcards. The results showed that in terms of receptive vocabulary knowledge learning, the students of the online Quizlet flashcards group significantly outperformed students of the control group and online Quizlet flashcards. In learning of the productive vocabulary knowledge, the learners of the control group performed significantly better than other two experimental groups. The results on vocabulary retention revealed that students of the student-created Quizlet flashcards group significantly outperformed students of the control group in terms of retention of the receptive vocabulary knowledge, and in terms of the productive vocabulary knowledge retention there were no significant difference between the groups of the study. These findings will be advantageous for English language teachers to choose the teaching techniques which can facilitate the process of language teaching and learning.

Reading is the main language skill in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)contexts, and the key to the reading skill is the knowledge of the alphabet. Although there are various approaches to teaching early reading and the alphabet in L1, such as whole language, language experience, literature-based, whole word, alphabetic method, and analytic and synthetic phonics, the topic of teaching alphabet and early reading is almost missing in language teaching methodology textbooks, and the few sources which deal with the subject seem to be mainly concerned with English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts where the learners’ mother tongue also uses a Latin alphabet. Early reading and alphabet teaching in EFL contexts has also received little research attention, and many aspects of literacy teaching in these contexts such as the effectiveness of different approaches for different age groups are still a mystery. ELT community, hence, needs to pay more heed to the needs of teachers and learners in EFL contexts. This paper intends to sensitize the international ELT community, including the researchers, teachers, and publishers to the importance and necessity of taking early literacy in EFL contexts into account.

Obituaries serve as the most viable means to announce a person's death. Regarding the socio-political changes in Iran due to the Islamic Revolution, this descriptive-analytic study reports on a move-based analysis of obituaries belonging before and after the Islamic Revolution driven by Swales' (1990, 2004) genre move analysis. We employed a move-based analysis of 100 obituaries from two distinct periods collected via a library-documentary method. Our primary aim was to disclose the influence of a socio-political phenomenon on this specific genre, i.e., an obituary. After identifying the major moves of the two obituary sets, their similarities and differences were inspected. The results indicated that after the Islamic Revolution obituaries contained twice as many moves as their counterparts. There were overlaps between the two data sets in four moves, namely (a) identifying the announcer(s), (b) identifying the deceased, (c) identifying family members, and (d) outlining the time and place of the funeral. Four moves were only present in after the Islamic Revolution corpus, which included (a) opening, (b) including the picture of the deceased, (c) showing sorrow for the event, and (d) characterizing the deceased. The moves discussion will be supplemented with explanations instigated from the socio-economic, religious, and political context of both periods.