مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

perceptions


۱.

English Speaking Anxiety: A Study of the Effect of Gender on Iranian EFL University Students’ Perceptions

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۲, Issue ۴ (۱۲-۲۰۱۷)

کلیدواژه‌ها: foreign language anxiety FLCAS perceptions speaking anxiety

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۷۴۸
The aim of this study was to examine Iranian EFL university students’ level of anxiety and their perceptions towards in-class activities during speaking courses and possible causes of apprehension. Moreover, this study investigated whether or not EFL university students’ gender differences affect their perceptions of foreign language speaking anxiety. To this end, data were collected from 175 Iranian EFL learners; 125 females and 50 males through Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) adopted from Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) followed by a structured interview. The findings showed that the level of females’ anxiety was significantly higher than that of males in impromptu speaking activities. Moreover, instructors could have an essential role in reducing the speaking anxiety. Results of the interviews confirmed the findings obtained through the questionnaire.
۲.

Iranian Adult Speakers' Perceptions toward Linguistic Taboos and Euphemisms in Iranian Society: A Sociolinguistic View

نویسنده:
منبع: هنر زبان دوره ۳ آبان ۱۳۹۷ (۲۰۱۸) شماره ۴

کلیدواژه‌ها: Death Euphemisms society perceptions Sex Taboo

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷۲
In recent years, the line of research on the socio-pragmatic aspects of language and language use has been increasing very rigorously. In this regard, taboos as well as euphemisms, due to their significant role in impacting on the interactions among interlocutors, have been the subject of research in various societies and cultures from a vast variety of aspects. That being so, the present study was an attempt to explore the perceptions of Iranian adult speakers of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in Iranian society. To achieve this aim, a convenient sample of 48 Iranian adult speakers, 24 males and 24 females, from Shiraz, Iran was recruited to participate in the study. The researcher interviewed them one by one and audio recorded their answers for further analysis and to determine their perceptions of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in Iranian society. The findings indicated that: a. Most of the participants believed that sex is the most offensive topic in Iranian society; b. All of the participants believed that people should use euphemisms in their speech and should take after of their speech especially in formal situations; c. Most of the Iranian adult speakers believed that the most important factor which leads to the use of taboo words is anger; and d. Most of the participants, both male and female, said they do not discuss taboo topics in mixed-sex groups.
۳.

Postmethod Pedagogy and Iranian EFL Teachers’ Understandings: Is a Promising Trend on the Way?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۶, No. ۱, June ۲۰۱۷ 82 - 55

کلیدواژه‌ها: language teaching Method nonnative EFL teachers perceptions postmethod pedagogy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۸
The profession of second language teaching has experienced fundamental fluctuations in both theory and practice. With its own proponents and opponents, the postmethod was considered as the practical and reasonable solution to the limitations of the confining concept of the method. The purpose of this qualitative study was to elicit nonnative EFL teachers’ viewpoints and perceptions regarding postmethod pedagogy. In fact, the researchers were interested to know about nonnative EFL teachers’ perceptions of postmethod condition regarding their own context and needs. Selected based on purposive sampling procedure, the participants of this study were 10 nonnative EFL teachers categorized into three groups based on their teaching experience. The participants took part in semi-structured interviews and they were asked a series of questions to elicit their perceptions and interpretations of postmethod. The results of the study revealed some rays of hope in some cases, though not promising in a full manner. In other words, although nonnative EFL teachers could not mention the postmethod principles explicitly, they showed a logical understanding of postmethod pedagogy tenets and its applications in their teaching practices and procedures. The results of this study can help teacher educators design more effective teacher education courses and in-service programs to enhance nonnative EFL teachers’ viewpoints and perceptions regarding postmethod pedagogy and its implications in language teaching and learning processes.
۴.

Iranian Pre-university Students’ Perceptions towards the English Section of the Iranian National University Entrance Exam (INUEE): A Washback Study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۰, Fall & Winter ۲۰۱۷

کلیدواژه‌ها: washback Iranian National University Entrance Exam perceptions students

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۰۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۴
Examining the effect of high-stakes tests on learners’ perceptions has been one of the strands of washback-related research. The present study purported to investigate the washback effect of the English section of the Iranian National University Entrance Exam (henceforth INUEE) on the pre-university students’ perceptions about the high-stakes test. The participants of the study were 218 female students at two pre-university schools in the city of Ahwaz, Iran. The data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Responses and reactions to the questions were found to be mixed: a sizeable segment of the students were positive about the INUEE, considering it a valid evaluator of academic knowledge and viewing the test as a factor which at least 'forced' them to study English. However, those with negative perceptions criticized the test for mainly being an evaluator of rote-memorization ability (rather than academic knowledge) and a major source of anxiety, and its multiple-choice testing format etc. The findings could be of pedagogic help and significance to policy makers, language testing scholars and teachers.
۵.

A Mixed Method Study of Interventionist DA: A Case of Introvert vs. Extrovert EFL Learners’ Academic Essay Writing(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۳, No.۲۶, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۰ 118 - 139

کلیدواژه‌ها: DA Interventionist DA academic essay writing introvert extrovert perceptions

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۱
Today, great a number of assessment methods have been practiced in educational systems. However, Dynamic Assessment (DA), as the modern assessment method with its emphasis on improvement and development of learning through joining teaching and assessment, is of paramount significance. Thus, one can call DA as a major and revolutionizing factor in teaching and assessment. So far, some conducted studies have dealt with the efficacy of DA on different language areas. In line with the relevant studies conducted, the present study worked on the effect of interventionist DA on introvert versus extrovert learners’ academic essay writing in English language translation students at Islamic Azad University Shahr-e-Qods Branch. As a result, it was confirmed that DA had a statistically significant effect on the academic essay writing of both Iranian introvert and extrovert EFL learners. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference between the performances of the extroverts vs. introverts on academic essay writing while applying interventionist DA. In other words, the extroverts had higher scores in their posttests compared to the introverts. Moreover, the results of the attitude questionnaire revealed that the extroverts had more positive attitude towards the application of DA than the introverts.
۶.

Students' perceptions of teachers' written feedback on EFL writing in a Vietnamese tertiary context(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره دوزادهم آذر و دی ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۵ (پیاپی ۶۵) 431-405

کلیدواژه‌ها: Teacher written feedback (TWF) Vietnamese EFL students perceptions Preferences

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۳
Teacher written feedback (TWF) has received growing attention from researchers and teachers. Although TWF arguably targets multiple dimensions of students’ writing, research to date has largely focused on the relationship between written corrective feedback and language development. More research is needed to understand TWF more holistically and as a two-way social process (Storch, 2018). As such, it is important to understand students’ perspectives on TWF in different instructional contexts. The present study explores Vietnamese EFL students’ perceptions of TWF practices and their preferences for TWF. Data was collected from 97 English-major students in a Vietnamese tertiary setting by means of a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. The findings show that while TWF tended to weigh more on the linguistic end of the form-meaning continuum, students preferred TWF to target both form and global issues of content/idea development and writing style. However, students were divided in their preferences for comprehensive/selective feedback and for direct/indirect feedback. Although students were aware of the necessity of revising their writing upon reception of feedback, they reported different post-feedback actions. Above all, students’ preferences and expectations were underpinned by their own beliefs about the values of TWF that encompass both cognitive/non-cognitive and affective dimensions. The study offers important pedagogical implications for planning written feedback in writing instruction.
۷.

Students’ and Teachers’ Views on the Portfolio Component of the English Foundation Programme(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۰ , N. ۳ , ۲۰۲۱ 25 - 46

کلیدواژه‌ها: comparative study English language teaching perceptions

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
As the use of paper-based portfolios and, more recently, ePortfolios began to attract unprecedent significance in many educational learning contexts, many researchers in the field of second and foreign language learning also begun to look more closely into their effects from diverse aspects. Nevertheless, a small number, if any, have addressed the issue from teachers and students' points of view in a comparative frame. This issue is even more noticeable in the Middle East, where portfolio learning has lately been incorporated in tertiary level studies. Hence, the present study compares students and teachers’ perception of the portfolio component of the English Foundation Program at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman. Seventy eight students and nine teachers participated in the study, where students expressed their ideas through a questionnaire, the teachers were interviewed to see how they perceive the portfolio element of the course. Using a mixed method for data collection and analysis, several chi-square tests were run to see if there is any significant difference between the perceptions of students and teachers. The results show that although the students generally agreed on the usefulness of the component, the teachers believe that it has lost its meaning.
۸.

Demystifying Problems and Opportunities of the Persianophone Physical Education Ph.D. Academic Writers in Writing English Research Article Abstracts for International Journal Publication(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۸, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۱ 147 - 171

کلیدواژه‌ها: َArticle ERPP ESAP Manuscripts perceptions Sports Technology Writers

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۴
Writing effective and persuasive manuscripts for submission to the high-indexed Iranian and international English-medium journals for the purpose of publication deserves having to-the-point knowledge and proficiency, which the Non-Native English writers of the non-English speaking countries seem to be lacking. Therefore, researchers need to identify problems and challenges that the group of writers encounter in the field of English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP). Therefore, this study aims to identify the ERPP needs of the Physical Education Ph.D. students and writers. Hence, interviews were conducted with a group of Physical Education content experts and Ph.D. students to identify the writers’ problems and challenges. The interviews were tape recorded as the participants had already been informed of the recordings and research aim. The tape recordings were then transcribed and analyzed in the thematic analysis and the grounded theory methods. The data analysis came up with four major themes (gained in the selective coding stage), 20 sub-themes (gained in the axial coding stage) and 83 themes (gained in the initial/open coding stage). The four major themes were `problem with language,’ `problem with content,’ `problem with journals,’ and `the demotivating factors.’ The fourth major theme, i.e., `the demotivating factors’, consisted of the sub-heading the technological illiteracy problem, which should be regarded as the novelty feature of this paper. The research is useful for material designers and instructors of the English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) and others to offer tailor-made education to the tertiary level Physical Education students.
۹.

Exploring EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Strategies for Promoting Learners’ Willingness-to-Communicate in Online Classes(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۱ , N. ۱ , ۲۰۲۲ 89 - 110

کلیدواژه‌ها: communicate perceptions Willingness

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۱
Willingness to communicate is subject to the moment-by-moment fluctuations in the classroom. Therefore, teachers’ decisive role comes to the foreground as they can increase learners’ desire to communicate at a particular moment by their interventions. Online instruction, despite furnishing learners with authentic material, has failed to culminate in communication thanks to connection problems or lack of non-verbal clues. Thus, the present study aimed to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ perceptions of strategies to promote willingness to communicate of learners in online classes. The mixed-methods design was employed to answer the research questions. To this end, a self-designed questionnaire was first piloted and then administered to the main sample which included thirty-seven teachers. The questionnaire subsumed five effective factors garnered from extant literature. Five teachers were interviewed as to their perceptions of pros and cons of promoting WTC in online classrooms. The results indicated that teachers’ motivational strategies were perceived to promote WTC best in online classes followed by teacher immediacy. Qualitative reports also corroborated the numerical data. Lack of non-verbal clues i.e. body language was perceived to decrease learners’ motivation and participation; however, technological resources like games were reported to increase WTC in online classes. Teachers should pay heed to their crucial role in inciting positive atmosphere and get better equipped to capitalize on online affordances to increase participation in online classes.
۱۰.

Lesson Plan Preparation and Implementation: Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions in Focus

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۴۲, Autumn ۲۰۲۲ 37 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Teachers Lesson Planning Lesson plan implementation Lesson plan preparation perceptions

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۳
A good lesson plan will most probably end up in effective teaching performance. Despite the positive role of planning lessons in the success of any teaching and learning experience, it has not been fully addressed in the Iranian EFL context, and many teachers consider it an impractical or challenging performance. Hence, the present survey study aimed at investigating what EFL teachers conceived of lesson planning and implementation. Furthermore, the role of a series of demographic variables, namely, gender, teaching experience, and educational degree, were also considered. The study participants included 120 EFL teachers working at universities, schools, and language institutes of Sirjan, Iran. The instrument used for data collection was a closed-ended questionnaire developed by Ramaila and Ramnarain (2014). The results from descriptive as well as inferential statistics, including the independent samples t -test, one-way ANOVA, and one-sample t-test, demonstrated the EFL teachers' moderate willingness toward lesson plans in general and its different aspects in particular. It was also revealed that the participants’ perceptions of lesson planning did not differ, considering their demographic features. Educational administrators and authorities can utilize the obtained outcomes of the present study to take sound measures in this regard leading to better achievement of all language learners and even all learners in general.  
۱۱.

Exploring Translation Students’ Perceptions about Designed Materials for Legal Translation Course

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۶, No. ۴, ۲۰۲۱-۲۰۲۲ 1 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Legal Texts materials perceptions Activities

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۴
The present study intended to design some materials based on the guidelines of González Davies (2004) for ‘legal texts and correspondence translation’ course of graduate students majoring in translation studies. To this end, first a checklist on the basis of Gentry and Gable's (2001) model was designed to find out the participants’ perceptions of the tasks. Next, the researchers designed related tasks based on Gonzales Davies’ (2004) guidelines inspired by Kiraly’s (2000) constructivist approach. In the third phase, the participants were given the designed tasks published in a book during10-12 sessions. Finally, the researchers held a semi-structured interview with the participants to find out their perceptions towards classroom activities as well as their translation ability. The results indicate that the participants had positive perceptions regarding the designed tasks. The findings have implications for translation classroom courses.
۱۲.

Challenges and Opportunities of Web-based Assessment in EFL Courses as Perceived by Different Stakeholders(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۱ , N. ۲ , ۲۰۲۲ 125 - 154

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges EFL pedagogy Opportunities perceptions web-based assessment

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۹۸
The rapidly growing demand for incorporating the latest technological developments in language pedagogy has contributed to scholars’ devoting more serious attention to web-based assessment (WBA). That being so, this study set out to uncover perceptions of four groups of stakeholders who had been involved in WBA via Moodle since 2018 regarding its challenges and opportunities in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction. To this aim, a convenient sample of nine students, seven parents, eight teachers, and three curriculum designers at an Iranian private language institute was recruited to be interviewed. The results of the study suggested that the perceived challenges were the insufficient provision of technical support, lack of security, low-speed internet connection, the need for teachers’ presence during the exam, lack of provision of intrinsic incentives for learners, lack of detailed feedback, and complexity of online test development. The opportunities, on the other hand, were perceived to be well-suited computer and internet literacy, educators’ competency in the utilization of online educational resources, absence of computer and internet anxiety, provision of immediate feedback, and access to items and responses after the exam.
۱۳.

Online Assessment in Times of COVID-19 Lockdown: Iranian EFL Teachers' Perceptions

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Language Testing, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۲, Summer and Autumn ۲۰۲۲ 1 - 24

کلیدواژه‌ها: COVID-19 lockdown Iranian EFL teachers' online assessment perceptions

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۵ تعداد دانلود : ۹۹
The Covid-19 pandemic revolutionized the world's status quo to transition from face-to-face into online E-learning. However, this unexpected transformation in teaching-learning approaches necessitates teachers to teach while frequently assessing students' performance through online assessment, which has been substantiated to expose teachers to an array of unanticipated challenges. To this end, the current study was a bid to unearth the Iranian EFL teachers' perceptions of online assessment and illustrate the challenges encountered through adopting a sequential mixed-methods design. For the quantitative phase of the study, one hundred EFL teachers submitted responses to an online questionnaire constructed in Google Forms. The researcher recruited twelve teachers for the qualitative phase of the study from a pool of one hundred participants who completed questionnaires to participate in a semi-structured interview protocol. The findings from the descriptive statistics of the questionnaire revealed that Iranian EFL teachers had either a negative or a neutral attitude toward online assessment. In addition, the results of the interview offered more insight into the challenges that teachers encounter during online assessment. In this light, the three most frequent challenges were the high risk of students cheating and plagiarism, the issue of internet connectivity, and poor technological infrastructures. The findings of this study bear witness to the voices of a group of Iranian EFL teachers about their perceptions and challenges of online assessment during the COVID-19 epidemic. In the spirit of the findings, the recommendations and suggestions for further investigations are discussed.
۱۴.

GTALL: A GNMT Model for the Future of Foreign Language Education(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۱۱, No. ۲, ِDecember ۲۰۲۲ 129 - 159

کلیدواژه‌ها: GTALL Machine Translation GNMT grounded theory perceptions

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۹
The world of foreign language education has been immensely influenced by the glory of emergent machine translation (MT) technologies including Google Translate (GT) (Knowles, 2022). Considering that end users' perceptions reflect GT practicality, ample research has been conducted regarding language learners’ perceptions on GT use. Yet, investigating Iranian student teachers' perceptions on the use of GT as an ICALL tool for language learning in higher education has been underestimated. To bridge this gap, semi-structured interviews with twelve student teachers, who were selected through purposive convenience sampling, were conducted employing qualitative constructivist grounded theory methodology. Data were analyzed based on the grounded theory data coding principles (open, axial, and selective) using the MAXQDA 2020 software. A model of GT use in language learning, entitled ‘Google Translate-Assisted Language Learning (GTALL) was proposed. The three main categories (i.e. GT familiarity and use, Perceptions, and legitimacy) along with 35 sub-categories at two levels supported our core category ‘implementation of GT in language learning’. The results demonstrated considerable pedagogical implications for educational stakeholders. For administrators, to appreciate contemporary pedagogical transformations to fulfill new generation’s needs. For professors, to improve digital literacy, welcome emergent technologies, and bring them into their learners’ service for greater educational achievements, and for language learners, to develop technological skills that guarantee wise and efficient human-machine interactions.
۱۵.

Investigating High and Low Achieving Talented Students’ Strategy Use, Perceptions, and Challenges of Reading Comprehension(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ آذر و دی ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۵ (پیاپی ۷۷) ۱۷۱-۱۴۱

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges perceptions reading strategy use Reading Comprehension talented students

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۱ تعداد دانلود : ۷۱
The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine pre-university talented students’ perceptions, strategy use, and challenges of reading comprehension section of the university entrance exam and to investigate the difference between low and high-achieving talented readers in strategy use and attitudes to reading. The participants were 121 EFL students at pre-university centers for talented students in Borujen, Iran. The instruments were three questionnaires on reading strategy, reading attitude, and reading difficulty followed by five open-ended questions. The results revealed that talented students used metacognitive strategies more than affective and cognitive strategies; most talented readers had positive attitude to reading; and their most frequent challenges were insufficient vocabulary knowledge, inability to adapt their speed to allotted time, decentralization, and ineffective study. The results of backward stepwise binary logistic regression also indicated that high and low achieving talented readers were different in retrieval and anxiety-coping strategy use and reading self-efficacy. The findings have implications for teachers of talented students to consider their diversities and orient their teaching toward individual characteristics through providing instructional varieties.
۱۶.

Implicit Bias as Perceived and Developed in Online EFL Teaching/Learning Practices: Learners’ Perceptions(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۶, No. ۱, ۲۰۲۴ 75 - 88

کلیدواژه‌ها: English learning English teaching implicit bias perceptions teachers’ practice

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تعداد بازدید : ۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۵۱
Implicitly biased teaching practices or the unconscious discriminatory actions of teachers create the learning-threatening illusion of being biased in the minds of learners. This study identified the main manifestations of implicitly biased teaching practices in online EFL learning, and then, delved deeper into the factors shaping their manifestations. Participants of the study were 45 intermediate-level EFL learners attending an online course in an Iranian public educational institute. Each participant was required to report on the biased teaching practices manifested during the three-month course. In the end, focused interviews were conducted to identify the contributing factors to their perceptions. Results of the study came up through content analysis indicated that intermediate-level learners perceive implicitly biased teaching practices as micro-assault (underrating) or micro-insult (demeaning) behavior each of which could result in a different reaction and participation pattern among themselves. This study concludes that false expectations, negative comparisons, and the online nature of communication are the main factors determining what learners regarded as biased teaching practices. Moreover, this study rejects the efficacy of micro-invalidation in preventing implicit bias in online learning. This study encourages EFL teachers to address their implicit bias through considering the participation and development patterns of their learners.  
۱۷.

Iranian EFL Academics’ and PhD Candidates’ Perceptions toward the Infusion of Critical Thinking into EFL Curriculum(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۳, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۴ 298 - 315

کلیدواژه‌ها: Academics EFL Curriculum Critical thinking perceptions PhD Candidates

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۲
Critical thinking (CT) abilities have failed to receive the necessary consideration in applied linguistics. Thus, this study was intended to explore English as a Foreign Language (EFL) academics and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) candidates’ perceptions of embedding CT into the EFL curricula in Iran. Moreover, it aimed to identify the primary obstacles teachers may have while employing CT skills, and suggest some necessary strategies to strengthen students' CT abilities. To do so, a total of 50 male and female EFL academics as well as 50 male and female PhD candidates specializing in Applied Linguistics, Linguistics and Literature, as well as Translation at different universities in Iran participated in this study. The present investigation employed a mixed-methods design. To this end, an adapted version of Stapleton's (2011) CT questionnaire was used. Moreover, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a cohort of 5 EFL academics and 5 PhD candidates. The outcomes underscore the need for educational policymakers and curriculum developers to recognize the significance of CT in language learning and to infuse more systematic and explicit approaches to teaching CT in Iranian EFL context. The pedagogical implications of the study were accordingly discussed.