درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The Qur'an is a divine book of guidance that addresses the factors of human felicity, as well as the roots of challenges, suffering, and hardship. This article traces the origins of human suffering in this world and its continuation into the intermediary and hereafter realms, examining the dichotomy between " Ḍank " and " Kabad " from the perspective of Qur'anic commentaries. The primary research question is: ‘Based on semantic analysis, what is the relationship between inherent and acquired human suffering, and how these concepts can be utilized to present a cognitive model of suffering in human life?’ The research method is analytical, conducted by examining the context of the verses, lexicons, and the views of both early and late exegetes. The findings indicate that " Kabad " denotes inherent and creational suffering that encompasses all human beings from birth to death, regardless of faith or disbelief, and serves as part of the path of spiritual development and growth. In contrast, " Ḍank " represents an acquired suffering resulting from turning away from the remembrance of God and distancing oneself from divine guidance; it has consequences both in worldly life and in the hereafter. The results of this study suggest that understanding the distinction between these two concepts can lead to the proposal of Qur'anic strategies for managing life's sufferings. Ultimately, this differentiation has led to the presentation of a dual strategic outlook for an active and meaning-making confrontation with the phenomenon of suffering in human existence. The innovation of this research, compared to previous studies, lies in offering a semantic, systematic, and educational reading of this Qur'anic dichotomy and the approach to its management

In the contemporary world, where the concepts of governance and development have become increasingly global concerns, Islamic societies are also seeking to present an indigenous, efficient, and, at the same time, deeply rooted model for desirable governance based on their religious sources. The present study, by emphasizing the Holy Qur'an as the most fundamental source of guidance in Islam, aims to extract and analyze the principles and components of desirable governance in light of Divine verses. To this aim, employing a descriptive-analytical method based on an examination of authoritative exegesis sources, demonstrates that concepts such as justice, consultation, trustworthiness, accountability, rejection of despotism, establishment of equity, and the sovereignty of Divine Law are among the essential pillars of desirable governance from the Qur'anic perspective. These components, in addition to providing the backing for the religious legitimacy of the government, pave the way for popular participation, transparency in decision-making, and the realization of sustainable and ethics-centered development within the framework of the Islamic Development theory. The article also attempts to analyze this model in relation to modern governance theories, revealing its distinct and complementary capacities. The result of the research is that returning to Qur'anic foundations is not merely a path for reviving tradition, but a necessity for redefining contemporary concepts of development and governance within the context of Muslim societies.