Qur'anic Governance and Comparative Analysis with Modern Theories (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

چکیده

In the contemporary world, where the concepts of governance and development have become increasingly global concerns, Islamic societies are also seeking to present an indigenous, efficient, and, at the same time, deeply rooted model for desirable governance based on their religious sources. The present study, by emphasizing the Holy Qur'an as the most fundamental source of guidance in Islam, aims to extract and analyze the principles and components of desirable governance in light of Divine verses. To this aim, employing a descriptive-analytical method based on an examination of authoritative exegesis sources, demonstrates that concepts such as justice, consultation, trustworthiness, accountability, rejection of despotism, establishment of equity, and the sovereignty of Divine Law are among the essential pillars of desirable governance from the Qur'anic perspective. These components, in addition to providing the backing for the religious legitimacy of the government, pave the way for popular participation, transparency in decision-making, and the realization of sustainable and ethics-centered development within the framework of the Islamic Development theory. The article also attempts to analyze this model in relation to modern governance theories, revealing its distinct and complementary capacities. The result of the research is that returning to Qur'anic foundations is not merely a path for reviving tradition, but a necessity for redefining contemporary concepts of development and governance within the context of Muslim societies.