درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This article introduces Ichwani tafsīr method, an integrative approach to Qur’anic interpretation that combines various traditional and contemporary methods. The main issue raised is the need for a more comprehensive approach to interpretation, which includes not only classical interpretation but also takes into account modern contexts and socio-historical dynamics. The purpose of this method is to provide a more relevant interpretation while maintaining the authenticity of the message of the Qur’an. The Ichwani method consists of nine steps, starting with language analysis (tafsīr lughawī), classical tafsīr analysis (bil-maʾthūr), and contemporary tafsīr (bil-raʾy), followed by understanding the background of the verse (asbāb al-nuzūl) and socio-historical analysis. These steps culminate in thematic interpretation (tafsīr mawḍūʿī), assessment based on maqasid al-shariah, as well as renewal (tajdīd) and reform (iṣlāḥ). The findings of this article show that Ichwani method can produce a holistic and contextual interpretation, answering modern challenges without abandoning its traditional roots. The author recommends this method as a new approach that can enrich the study of Qur’anic interpretation and encourage dialogue between various disciplines to understand the sacred text more deeply and in a more relevant manner.

Dating or arranging the surahs according to their order of revelation has long been considered, at least to the extent of identifying them as Meccan or Medinan. However, it has not received much attention in traditional Tafsir (exegesis). Today, descending (Tanzīlī) exegesis, relying on methods other than the customary reliance on narrations of the order of revelation, has attracted the attention of Quranic researchers to facilitate a better understanding of the Quran. Accordingly, the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to investigate the date of revelation of Surah al-Qalam, considered the second revealed surah according to narrations of the order of revelation.  This will be done by examining the surah's content and style, comparing it to the stages of Quranic revelation in terms of the arrangement of the Prophet's call, and referencing historical documents and the Prophet's biography (Sīrah). The findings indicated that this surah depicts an atmosphere of a period of revelation that is incompatible with the early period of the Prophet's mission and his cautious call, and its position as the second revealed surah. Therefore, considering the content analysis and stylistic features of the surah, as well as supporting historical evidence regarding the use of various methods by opponents to express their opposition and hostility towards the Prophet, and comparing these with the verses revealed in surahs al-Shuʻarāʼ and al-Aʻrāf onwards, and based on a comparison that shows historical similarities between surah al-Qalam and Surahs Yāsīn, al-Furqān, and al-Isrāʼ, it seems that the approximate date of revelation of this surah is during the second phase of the Prophet's mission, after the cautious call and after surahs al-Anʻām and al-Ṣāffāt, but very close to them