درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

 Objective: This study investigated Gender-Leadership in the ivory tower, a survey of higher education institutions in Taraba State, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A simple random sampling method was used to select a sample size of 372 academic and non-academic staff for this study. The instrument used for the study was the Gender-Leadership Questionnaire (GLQ). Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using a t-test.Results: The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean rating scores of women representations in leadership positions in Taraba State institutions of higher learning between academic and non-academic staff. Furthermore, the findings revealed no significant difference in the mean rating scores of underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in Taraba State institutions of higher learning between academic and non-academic staff. Women's representation in leadership positions is lopsided in favor of their male counterparts.Conclusion: Factors that contribute to women's underrepresentation in leadership positions include cognitive bias, uneven access to knowledge, opportunities and administrative responsibility, and societal privileges that favor the males among others.

Given the severe psychological stress of teachers in educational settings, it is of particular value to pay attention to improving their psychological well-being and to identify the factors that contribute to the decrease or increase in teachers' psychological well-being. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of predictor variables of psychological resilience, happiness, and mindfulness in the criterion variable of teachers' psychological well-being. For this reason, 113 people were selected from the statistical population of elementary school teachers in Rasht in the academic year (2023-2024) using the convenience sampling method and responded to the questionnaires of psychological well-being (Reif and Keyes, 1995), psychological resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003), Oxford Happiness (Hills and Argyle, 2002), and Freiburg Mindfulness (Wallach et al., 2006). The results were analyzed in SPSS22 software using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression, and the results showed that the relationship between psychological resilience and psychological well-being (r=0.61), the relationship between happiness and psychological well-being (r=0.49), and the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being (r=0.41) was positive and significant (p<0.01), and the three variables explained 50% of the variance in the changes in teachers' psychological well-being. Therefore, the psychological well-being of elementary school teachers can be predicted based on psychological resilience, mindfulness, and happiness.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on reducing sexual aversion and enhancing sexual self-efficacy. Methods: The research utilized a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments. Thirty couples experiencing sexual aversion and low sexual self-efficacy were selected from counseling centers in Karaj, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to either a schema therapy group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). The schema therapy group received 8 to 10 sessions of intervention. Two standardized questionnaires, the Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Sexual Aversion Inventory, were used to measure outcomes. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and follow-up tests were conducted to assess the stability of the intervention effects over time. Findings: The findings revealed that schema therapy significantly improved sexual self-efficacy and reduced sexual aversion in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < .01). These improvements were sustained during the follow-up phase, with no significant decline in outcomes. The post-test and follow-up results demonstrated that schema therapy had a lasting positive impact on participants’ sexual health. The control group, in contrast, showed no significant changes across the measurement phases. Conclusion: Schema therapy was found to be an effective intervention for reducing sexual aversion and increasing sexual self-efficacy. The sustained improvements suggest that schema therapy offers long-term benefits for individuals struggling with these sexual issues. This study highlights the importance of addressing early maladaptive schemas to improve sexual health and relationship satisfaction.