درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

 Objective: This study investigated the relationship between screen time and green time with academic engagement and academic performance of secondary school students in Tabriz city.Methods: The present study was part of cross-sectional and descriptive studies of the correlation and prediction type. Three hundred eighty-five people from Tabriz secondary school students were selected in the first semester of the 2022-2023 academic year by multi-stage cluster sampling based on Morgan's table. All sample members completed Reeve's academic engagement scale (AES) and Screen Time Questionnaire (STQ). The student's GPA was considered their academic performance and was evaluated by adding two questions to the research questionnaires of the green time variable. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, simultaneous regression, and SPSS23 statistical software.Results: The results showed a negative and significant relationship between screen times, the dimensions of academic engagement, and the student's GPA. It was also found that there is a positive and significant relationship between green time and the dimensions of academic engagement (except the emotional involvement dimension) and students' GPA. Screen time and green time significantly contributed to explaining students' academic engagement and academic performance.Conclusion: The results highlighted the importance of screen and green time in educational variables.

Creativity is an essential element of cognition and thinking. Thinking is defined as the process of reorganizing or modifying the stored information and symbols in long-term memory. In this context, creativity is closely linked to analytical ability and the mind's capacity for visualization. The present study aims to predict creative thinking and emotional creativity based on executive brain functions among second-grade high school students in Jafarabad city. The study employs a correlational methodology with descriptive characteristics and applied purposes. The statistical population consists of all male and female second-grade high school students in Jafarabad city, totaling 493 individuals. The sample size was determined Using Cochran's formula, resulting in the selection of 218 students. Standardized questionnaires for Abedi Creative Thinking Questionnaire 2013, Ivoril emotional creativity questionnaire 1999, and Questionnaire of executive functions of the rescue brain 2013 were used as data collection tools. The results of the reliability calculation of the questionnaires showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated for creative thinking (0.84), emotional creativity (0.92) and brain executive function (0.79). which shows that the questionnaires are at an acceptable level. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, including descriptive and inferential analyses through tables, demographic charts, and regression analysis. The results suggest that executive brain function components can predict both creative thinking and emotional creativity.

Aim: The Ethical and Legal Issues Self-Efficacy in Counseling (ELICSES) has been developed to evaluate counselors' and psychologists' self-efficacy in ethical and legal issues. Psychometric properties of the ELICSES in Iranian counselors and psychologists remain a largely unexplored realm. Method: The present study, therefore, seeks to translate the scale from English to Persian while also investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the ELICSES. Online sampling was utilized to collect data from four hundred and forty-seven counselors, psychologists, and trainees who participated in the study. Ethical and Legal Issues in the Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale and Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale were used in the study. Results: The results of face (all items earned greater than 1.5 except one item (1.2)), content (overall CVI > 0.79, CVR > 0.62), and construct validity (CMIN=3.65, CFI=0.922, RMSE=0.45; also AVE> .5 and CR> .7) indicated that the ELICSES held appropriate validity and reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm the three factors of the ELICSES among Iranian counselors, psychologists, and trainees. Conclusion: These results suggested the validity and reliability of the ELICSES in evaluating self-efficacy when it comes to ethical and legal issues among Iranian counselors, psychologists, and trainees

Aim the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of time perspective treatment on health-related quality of life and Health Locus of Control for patients with Type 2 diabetes with sexual dysfunction. Methods: the current research method was Semi experiment and its design was pre-test post-test with the control group. The statistical community of this study formed all patients with Type 2 diabetes with sexual dysfunction visiting the Persian diabetes clinic in Mashhad in 2024. 30 of these people were selected by targeted non-random sampling and and replaced in two experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental group underwent time perspective treatment for 6 sessions of 60 Minutes, and the control group underwent a waiting list. Health-related quality of life tests (1992) and Health Locus of Control Elston et al. (1978) were used to collect data in both pre-test and post-test stages. Raw data were analysed by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test in SPSS 24 software. Results: the results showed that after controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the average post-test scores of the two Test and control groups in variables on health-related quality of life and Health Locus of Control of patients with Type 2 diabetes with sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: time perspective treatment affects health-related quality of life and Health Locus of Control for patients with Type 2 diabetes with sexual dysfunction.

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the uses of harmful smartphones and externalizing problems with the mediating role of self-control in a sample of self-harming teenagers. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the study included all teenage boys and girls of Yazd city were between July and October in 2022-23 in Yazd, Iran. Researchers selected clinics based on convenience methods and randomly selected self-harming teenagers. The data collection tool were Cell Phone Addiction Scale (CAC), Self-control Questionnaire (CSQ), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBC). Results: The results showed that the use of harmful smartphones had a direct and significant effect on aggressive behavior among self-harming teenagers (β=0.387, P=0.001). Similarly, the use of harmful smartphones had a direct and significant effect on the law-breaking behavior among self-harming teenagers (β=0.297; P=0.022). Also, self-control had a negative and significant effect on aggressive behavior (β=-0.54; P<0.01). In addition, self-control had a negative and significant effect on law-breaking behavior (β=-0.497; P<0.01). In the end, the results of the research showed that self-control had a negative and significant mediating role in the relationship between the use of harmful smartphones and externalizing problems in self-harming teenagers. Conclusion: Findings from this research indicate that teenagers who demonstrate good self-control may experience fewer behavioral difficulties and have a reduced tendency to harm themselves, regardless of their harmful smartphone usage. Findings have emphasized that greater attention should be given to assisting teenagers in developing their self-control capabilities.

Aim: The Aim of study was to investigate the effect of deception for intensity of exercise on fatigue in female students.Methods: Sixteen subjects were selected randomly among 30 students who volunteered to participate in the study and they performed maximal exercise test (Bruce) in two states. In the first state, the increase in exercise intensity during steps of Bruce test was correctly announced to the subjects, but in the second state, they were dictated that the increase in exercise intensity was less than in the first state. Dependent variables were measured at the end of the test and the data were compared with paired t-test using SPSS 23.Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference for median frequency of rectus femoris muscle (p=0.043), maximium heart rate of the subjects at the end of Bruce test (p=0.001) and time to reach exhaustion (p=0.001) between the first state in which the actual increase in exercise intensity during steps of Bruce test was announced to the subjects and the second state in which they were dictated that the increase in exercise intensity, was less than the first state. However, no significant difference was observed for median frequency of vastus medialis (p=0.736) and vastus lateralis (p=0.762) muscles, as well as for rate of perceived exertion (p=1.000). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that by deception for intensity of exercise during maximal exercise test, the amount of fatigue can be reduced and the time to reach fatigue can be increased.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement (MBRE) and Emotion Focused (EFT) therapies on marital satisfaction and intimacy in couples with low self-disclosure. Method: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022-2023 who had a low level of self-disclosure. 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent MBRE (eight 90-minute couple sessions) and the second experimental group EFT intervention (nine 90-minute couple sessions). The control group did not receive any intervention. The Marital Self-Disclosure (Waring et al. 1998), the short form of the Marital Satisfaction (Favers and Olson, 1993) and the Intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983) scales were used for collecting the data. Results: The results of Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (Mixed Model) showed that both interventions increased marital satisfaction and intimacy (p<0.01) and this effect was maintained during the follow-up period. Also, findings indicated that there is a significant difference between MBRE and EFT therapies; MBRE has been more effective in increasing marital satisfaction and intimacy than EFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: MBRE has been more effective than the EFT on solving the marital satisfaction and intimacy due to the involvement of couples in mind-body relationship and mental self-awareness. Therefore, this treatment is suggested to marital counselors.

 Objective: Being overweight and obese in adolescence is associated with severe health effects during their lifetime The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between family cohesion, stress, and quality of life with body mass index in adolescent girls Method: The current research was descriptive-multiple linear regression From among the statistical population of the research, 250 teenage girls were selected as the research sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and finally, after dropping 50 people from the sample group, the data of 200 of them were analyzed. The tools of data collection included the Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaires (2001), Byrne and Mazano Stress (2002) Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (1996) questionnaire, and the NAF Self-compassion (2003) inventory. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Results: The results showed that the model of body mass index based on the quality of life, family cohesion, and stress with the mediating role of self-compassion has a good fit. It also indicated that family cohesion, stress, and quality of life did not predict body mass index in adolescent girls, But quality of life predicts body mass index in adolescent girls. Conclusion: It seems that self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship of body mass index with family cohesion, stress, and quality of life in adolescent girls. 

 Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of reality therapy on improving psychological capital and sense of cohesion among Iranian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Method: This study was performed in Tehran in 2021. Sampling was employed to select 36 participants who completed the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Sense of Cohesion Scale in the pretest, posttest, and onemonth follow-up stages. The participants of the experimental group underwent eight weekly 90-minute sessions to receive the online reality therapy; However, the control group received no intervention. Results: Data analysis showed a significant difference in psychological capital and sense of cohesion in the experimental group compared to the control group (P< 0/05). There was a significant difference in three subscales of psychological capital (i.e., self-efficacy, resilience, and hope) and two subscales of the sense of cohesion (i.e., perceptibility and controllability) in Patients with MS in the experimental group (P <0.05), but no significant difference in optimism (a subscale of the psychological capital) and significance (a subscale of sense of cohesion) (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Due to the effects of reality therapy on patients with multiple sclerosis, this psychological therapy can be employed to improve the psychological capital and sense of cohesion.