درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of metacognitive strategies on improving educational processes. The study focused on reviewing prior research to highlight the effectiveness of these strategies in enhancing students' learning and academic performance. Specifically, it emphasized the roles of teachers, learners, and curriculum in this context. Method: The present study employed a systematic review methodology, following a narrative structure. The review process adhered to the four-stage model proposed by Okoli and Schabram (2015), with the second stage involving Silva’s (2015) selection procedure for article inclusion. A total of 50 scholarly articles were systematically reviewed, sourced from international databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Springer, ProQuest, and ERIC, as well as national databases, including IranDoc, Magiran, Noormags, and SID database. Results: The findings of this study revealed several key results: 1) For learners, metacognitive strategies were found to significantly enhance academic performance, motivation, self-efficacy, reading comprehension, and problem-solving skills.2) For teachers, metacognitive awareness contributed to more effective classroom management, reflective teaching practices, and the ability to adapt instruction to students’ needs.3) For curriculum design, the integration of metacognitive strategies into learning objectives, teaching methods, assessments, and content areas led to improved instructional quality and adaptability. Conclusions The study concluded that metacognitive strategies are essential not only for fostering self-regulated learners but also for improving instructional quality and promoting educational equity. The research recommends embedding explicit metacognitive training into teacher education programs and curriculum frameworks to support sustainable, student-centered learning environments.

Objective: Nowadays, creativity and play development is one of the main pillars of educational systems for appropriate decision making and problem solving. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of game-based creativity training on social-emotional skills of elementary school students. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the study included students of elementary school girls and boys in district 1 of Tehran in 2019 at the ages of 7-9. Data collection tools was Emotional-Social Competencies Questionnaire (2012). univariate analysis of covariance and SPSS.18 software were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that game-based creativity training protocol had an effect on the emotional and social skills of children in the experimental group and significantly increased those skills (F=11.20, P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of game-based creativity training protocol in elementary children helps to promote the social-emotional competencies of elementary students.

Objective: This study aimed to predict the tendency towards divorce in couples involved in infidelity based on marital intimacy and satisfaction, mediated by ethical orientation styles. Method: The research method was correlational, involving a statistical population of couples seeking counseling in districts one and two of Tehran in 2021. The sample size was 250 individuals of both genders, selected through random quota sampling. Data collection tools included: the Tendency Towards Divorce Scale by Rusbult, Johnson, & Morrow (1986), the Infidelity Scale by Yeni Seri & Kokdemir (2006), the Marital Intimacy Scale by Bagarozzi (2001), the Marital Satisfaction Scale by Enrich (1995), and the Ethical Orientation Styles Scale by Haidt & Graham (2007). Data analysis methods used descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling, and PLS3 SMART software. Findings: The results indicated that there was a negative relationship between marital intimacy and the tendency towards divorce among couples involved in infidelity. There was also a negative relationship between marital satisfaction and the tendency towards divorce in these couples. Marital intimacy and satisfaction could predict the tendency towards divorce mediated by ethical orientation styles. Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction and intimacy with ethical orientation styles, with ethical orientation styles mediating the relationship between these variables and the tendency towards divorce. Conclusions: This relationship intensifies when mediated by ethical orientation styles. Thus, with an increase in marital satisfaction, the tendency towards divorce due to infidelity decreases. This justifies the use of interventionist approaches to strengthen marital satisfaction to reduce the tendency towards divorce due to infidelity.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the role of psychological flexibility, acceptance, and commitment in marital adjustment among couples. Method: This study was applied and descriptive-correlational in nature. The population included couples (both women and men) from Amol County, who were studied using a convenience sampling method involving 126 couples. Data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory by Dennis and Vander Wal (2010), the second version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire by Bond et al. (2007), and the Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976). For the analysis of data in the inferential statistics section, simultaneous multiple regression was conducted using SPSS version 21. Findings: The findings indicate that psychological flexibility, acceptance, and commitment can explain 16.9% of the variance in marital adjustment. The t-tests for significance in regression for the coefficient of psychological flexibility (β = 0.191) and acceptance and commitment (β = 0.285) were significant. Acceptance and commitment have a greater unique contribution in predicting marital adjustment among couples (α = 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the most significant influences on marital adjustment are acceptance and commitment, followed by psychological flexibility. It is recommended that the findings of this research be utilized to enhance marital adjustment among both women and men.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the impact of music therapy, dance movement, and art therapy on the mistrust/mistreatment schema among women aged 20 to 30 with symptoms of depression visiting counseling centers in Tehran. Method: This research is applied in purpose and quasi-experimental in method, employing a pre-test - post-test design. The population consisted of all women aged 20 to 30 with symptoms of depression who visited four counseling centers in Tehran, among whom 60 eligible individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to four groups (three experimental and one control). Interventions based on the therapeutic protocol (music therapy and dance movement, art therapy) were conducted in eight sessions for the experimental groups, while the control group received no intervention. To test the hypotheses, the Young Schema Questionnaire (1988) (short form of 90 questions) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical indices, including the covariance test, were utilized for data analysis. Findings: The results showed no significant differences in the effectiveness of music therapy, art therapy, and dance therapy on the mistrust/mistreatment schema among women aged 20 to 30 with symptoms of depression visiting counseling centers in Tehran (p = 0.000). Conclusion: It can be concluded that since all three methods of music therapy, art therapy, and dance movement are forms of art therapy, they all affect the mistrust/mistreatment schema, and there is no significant difference in their effectiveness.