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Objective: Marital life is the cause of the development of social relations and provides a ground for the exercise of power, from domination to hegemony. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods of persuasion used by women in the experience of everyday life among married people in Guilan province, Iran.Methods: This research used a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling among 45 married men and women in Guilan province. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.Results: The data analysis revealed 15 basic themes, 7 organizing themes, and 2 global themes. The findings indicate that, in the past, men used social, economic, and psychological dominance against women, in addition to physical dominance. However, in the new society, with women's resistance, such dominance has become negative and illegitimate. Women now accept men's superiority not by force but through internal desire and persuasion. Therefore, today, the exercise of men's power against women has shifted from a state of dominance and asymmetry to a more symmetrical but hegemonic state.Conclusion: In the past, men used more dominance but less authority against women, but today's men use less dominance and more authority. New men's exercise of power is more persuasive, hidden, and corresponding to Rutherford's new masculinity, Connell's hegemonic masculinity, and Bourdieu's symbolic violence.

The present research is conducted to determine the effectiveness of Unified protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-A) on empathy and perceived social support, in bilingual middle school students. The statistical population of this study was comprised of bilingual students who studied of Tehran International School in the academic year of 2021-2022. A purposive method was used to select a sample of 30 students, and then they were randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control groups, each of 15 students. A semi-experimental research method with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test design was used for both experimental and control groups. The experimental group received family-centered psycho-education based on emotion regulation between the pre-test and post-test. Two questionnaires, the EmQue-CA and MSPSS were employed, to measure empathy and perceived social support, respectively. A mixed variance analysis with repeated measures was the technique for data analysis. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the scores of empathy and perceived social support of the students between the two groups in post-test and follow-up test compared to the pre-test (p < 0.05). Considering the vulnerability of adolescents to psychological harm due to difficulties regulating emotions, UP-A programs with an emphasis on emotion regulation can be particularly suitable for the effective prevention of a wide range of psychological disorders and seems effective in enhancing student empathy and perceived social support. Therefore, implementing UP-A in schools would be a wise preventive measure against emotional problems of adolescents

Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyze the components of enhancing dyadic ego strength (facilitating the transition from "I-ness" to "We-ness" in marital relationships) specifically for married individuals. The research setting included all texts related to the concept of "We-ness." Methods: The method for selecting texts was purposive sampling from among the aforementioned texts or related constructs within the time frame of 2010 to 2025, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The number of texts was determined according to the principle of data saturation. Data collection involved line-by-line analysis of texts based on questions relevant to the concept of "We-ness." The data obtained from the textual analysis were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method proposed by Hsieh and Shannon (2005). Findings: Content analysis of the texts revealed that dyadic ego consists of four key concepts: (1) essence (with sub-concepts of attention to marital union and dyadic identity); (2) dimensions of dyadic ego (with sub-concepts of cognitive, positive emotional, negative emotional, and behavioral aspects); (3) pathways to achieving dyadic ego (with sub-concepts of generative meaning of the marital bond, family values, and family goals); and (4) obstacles to achieving dyadic ego (with sub-concepts of individualism, lack of self-differentiation, and insecure attachment). Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that dyadic ego is a mechanism that transforms the process of "I-ness" into "We-ness," and for its realization, couples must engage in pathways to attain it and overcome its obstacles.

Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of reflective parenting training on emotion regulation and the parent-child relationship in mothers with children under 6 years of age. Method: This is a quantitative study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design involving an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population includes all mothers with children under 6 years old in Isfahan. For sampling, a purposive sampling method was used by visiting kindergartens in Isfahan, and 30 participants were selected based on the cut-off point of the questionnaires and inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). Subsequently, reflective parenting training sessions based on the Bateman and Fonagy (2001) protocol were conducted for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. The research instruments included the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992) and the Emotion Regulation Inventory (Shield & Cicchetti, 1995). The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test) and SPSS software. Findings: Given that the calculated F-value for between-group effects (group membership effect), within-group effects (time effect), and the interactive effect of group and time was significant at the 99% confidence level (P < 0.01), these results indicate a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, it suggests that this significant difference exists at least at one time point during the intervention among the research groups. The Bonferroni post hoc test results showed differences in adaptive emotion regulation, instability/negativity, and the parent-child relationship scores during the research stages between the experimental groups (P < 0.01). In other words, the reflective parenting intervention had a significant impact on improving the research variables. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that this intervention was effective on the research variables and confirms that this approach can be used as an effective strategy in improving parental abilities and reducing psychological challenges in mothers during the parenting period.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate a causal model of marital quality of life based on psychological resilience with the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in married teachers. Methods and Materials: The research employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample consisted of 375 married teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire by Hudson et al., and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) by Busby et al. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS software. Assumptions of normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were checked and confirmed prior to model testing. Findings: The results revealed a significant direct effect of resilience on marital quality of life (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), indicating that higher resilience is associated with greater marital quality among married teachers. However, the indirect effect of resilience on marital quality of life through sexual satisfaction was not statistically significant (β = 0.10, p = 0.113), suggesting that sexual satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between resilience and marital well-being in this population. Model fit indices confirmed the adequacy of the proposed model (χ²/df = 2.54, RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.91, GFI = 0.95, AGFI = 0.93). Conclusion: Resilience plays a crucial and independent role in enhancing marital quality of life among married teachers, while sexual satisfaction, despite its overall importance, does not serve as a mediating factor in this relationship. The findings underscore the importance of psychological strengths in marital dynamics and suggest the need for interventions that enhance resilience to promote relational well-being, especially in high-stress professional contexts.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine and compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy on attachment styles and emotion regulation in women affected by infidelity. Methods and Materials: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest and control group. The statistical population included all women affected by infidelity who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2023. From this population, 45 participants were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: the first experimental group (emotion-focused therapy, 15 participants), the second experimental group (schema therapy, 15 participants), and the control group (15 participants). The experimental groups received the respective interventions across a set number of sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. All three groups were assessed at pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Findings: Data analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests indicated that both therapeutic approaches led to significant improvements in attachment styles and enhanced emotion regulation abilities in women affected by infidelity (p < .05). Moreover, a comparison of results showed that schema therapy demonstrated greater effectiveness than emotion-focused therapy in certain indices. Conclusion: Based on the findings, emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy can be considered effective approaches for promoting secure attachment styles and improving emotion regulation among women affected by infidelity.