درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

 Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits, Perceived Social Support, and interpersonal relationships between two groups of prisoners: those who successfully reintegrated into society and those who re-offended.Methods: This research employed a causal-comparative method. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with a prison record in the central prison of Tehran city within the last 10 years (from 2014 to 2024). The sample size was 159 individuals (88 recidivists and 71 successfully reintegrated individuals), selected through purposive sampling in two groups: recidivists and successfully reintegrated individuals. Participants were assessed using NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Barton Communication Test Revised. The data were then entered into SPSS-22 statistical software for analysis and analyzed using analysis of variance and independent t-tests.Results: The findings revealed that among personality traits, significant differences between the two groups were observed only in the two dimensions of extraversion (P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (P < 0.001), as well as in the total score of Perceived Social Support (P < 0.003) and interpersonal relationships (P < 0.003). The comparison of means indicated that the meaning of these dimensions was higher in the successfully reintegrated group.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that psychological variables such as extraversion and conscientiousness personality traits, as well as Perceived Social Support and appropriate interpersonal relationships, play a crucial role in successful reintegration into society and prevent re-offending.

Emotions are crucial in social interactions, influencing communication and relationships. Distinguishing the perceived emotion in conscious and unconscious emotional processing is a key research area with cognitive and physiological implications. This study investigates conscious and unconscious emotional processing through behavioral and pupillary responses. Participants completed emotion recognition tasks under varying states, revealing higher accuracy in conscious emotion identification. Emotions like anger, happiness, fear, surprise, and neutral elicited distinct response patterns. Pupillometry data showed pupil size suppression in the conscious state and enhancement in the unconscious state, with differences in peak pupil size across emotions. Task-related components, amplitude, and latency parameters differed between conscious and unconscious states, highlighting the role of awareness in emotional regulation. These findings emphasize the complex interplay of cognitive and physiological processes in emotional responses, providing insights into emotional recognition mechanisms. This study contributes to understanding emotional processing dynamics and has implications for psychology and neuroscience research.

Resilience is a psychological characteristic that enables individuals to return to their normal lives after experiencing adversity and stressful situations, thereby preventing feelings of failure and defeat in life. In medical communities, due to high-pressure job demands and environmental stressors, resilience is considered one of the most critical components of psychological well-being, closely linked to one’s professional role and job satisfaction. In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of the Five Major Personality Factors on resilience, with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. The statistical population consisted of physicians working at Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz during the second half of the 2024-2025 academic year. Following the acquisition of the ethics approval code (IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.14040.182) a sample of 384 individuals was selected based on Morgan's table through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation across four strata: internal medicine (male), internal medicine (female), neurology (male), and neurology (female), according to the actual distribution in the population. The participants completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; 1985), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; 2003), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) in Smart PLS software. The results indicated that all of the Five Major Personality Factors, except for openness to experience and agreeableness, had a significant effect on resilience. Moreover, all personality traits except agreeableness significantly influenced resilience through the mediating variable of cognitive emotion regulation. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that individuals’ level of resilience is influenced by their personality traits and the factors affecting their emotion regulation.