درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper illustrated in Alice Munro’s selected works the bad condition in which the characters are trapped as a result of their contexualized mind that is confined to limited interpretation in accordance with the Other’s desire, their mental attachment and dependence to Symbolic Order and what it imposes as the only way to think and live. Lacan’s concept of Beauty encapsulated in “act[ing] in conformity with one’s desires” is thought while reading Munro’s writings. It is a socio-ethical reading of Lacan. It was proved socio-ethical reading in psychoanalysis is quite fruitful; it gives the data that its effect goes from individual to society. Lacan’s notion on Symbolic Order was theoretically analyzed to prove how ethical psychoanalysis helps characters awareness. The bad condition illustrates living in Symbolic Order. The characters found it intolerable since unlike Lacanian ethics and Beauty that helps human to live his life in its full,morality in Symbolic Order works for desire of the Other. Symbolic Order subjects the characters to structure of power; the dominant socio-political power that follows “morality of the master” meaning that it determined society’s conventions. Characters have no role in making their life by their own decisions and in conformity with their Real desire. They turn into passive individuals with victim mentality. Relinquishment of one’s own desire results in feeling of guilt and regret. Hence, while characters stand out from the social orders, they experience a neutral stance in which they come to awareness; this neutrality illustrates Beauty in Lacan.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate facilitating factors in dealing with parenting challenges of 18 parents who have children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Methods: The research is a qualitative study. The context includes all parents referred to the Mofid psychiatric clinic of the Children's Medical Center in Tehran. The purposive and accessible sampling method was employed. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews like the preliminary questions (1- What were your initial reasons for consulting a child psychiatrist? Please describe your experience in the doctor's office. Interviewee number 3: "The teacher and school counselor recommended that we see a psychiatrist"), main questions (1- What problems or challenges are you facing in your relationship with your child? What strategies are you adopting to deal with these challenges? Interviewee number 4: "I have accepted that many of my child's behaviors are unintentional and influenced by illness, and I must have more patience and tolerance towards them). Moreover, the qualitative data analysis of the study also utilized thematic analysis. Results: The findings showed that there are six main factors from the parent's point of view to overcoming the challenges related to their children: 1- Drug treatment, 2- Parents' personality traits, 3- Parents' awareness, 4- Parents' interaction and cooperation, 5- Lack of secrecy, 6- teachers and trainers’ roles. Conclusion: Therefore, parent awareness workshops about children's behavior and participation in parenting sessions, as well as parents' lack of secrecy and interaction with school, are the solutions that can be useful in facilitating overcoming parenting challenges.

Adolescence is characterized by physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral changes capable of resulting in the development of a healthy and autonomous individual, as well as contributing to self-injurious behavior. This review aimed to analyze the 11 available papers on risk factors for self-mutilation in adolescents. Integrative review performed in MEDLINE and LILACS databases using primary studies published between 2018 and 2023, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish with the descriptors “Self-destructive Behavior”; "Adolescent"; and “Risk Factors” combined with the Boolean operator AND. After analyzing the data, two main themes emerged. The first theme, referred to as "intrapersonal risk factors," encompassed a range of categories including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance/alcohol abuse, disruptive, impulse and conduct control disorders, cyclothymic-hypersensitive temperament, impulsivity, avoidance/coping-focused on affect, and emotional dysregulation. The second theme, labeled as "interpersonal risk factors," consisted of categories such as bullying, parental neglect, parental psychopathology, social exclusion, peers with people with self-destructive behavior, hetero-aggressiveness, and sexual and gender minority populations. The findings of this review highlight the importance of increased awareness, early detection, and targeted interventions for self-mutilation. This study lays the ground for future research and interventions in mental health. Future studies could further explore psychological factors, societal influences, effective treatments, and prevention methods for self-mutilation. By expanding upon current knowledge, clinicians and researchers can better support individuals struggling with self-harm, leading to improved outcomes and reduced harm.