Journal of Family Relations Studies (JHRS)

Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between parenting styles and ego strength, with the mediating role of emotional repression. Methods:  The current type of research is descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research includes female students of the first secondary level of schools in Abbas Abad city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 200 students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect information in this research, the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire, Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths, and Weinberger Adjustment Inventory were used. Then, the data was analyzed using correlation tests and structural equation modeling using SPSS-24 and SmartPLS3. Results: The results showed that permissive and authoritative parenting styles have a positive and direct effect on ego strength, and authoritarian parenting styles have a negative and direct effect on ego strength (p<0.05). Also, emotional repression has a negative and direct effect on ego strength (p<0.05). In addition, parenting styles have an indirect effect on ego strength through the mediating role of emotional repression (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the authoritative parenting style and emotional repression will have a negative effect on creating a strong ego in students. Therefore, it is necessary to train parents with healthy parenting styles to raise students with a strong ego.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ACT training on mental disturbances, psychological capital, and problem-solving styles in female prisoners of Urmia City in 2022. Methods:  A semi-experimental design was used for the pre-test-post-test and follow-up (two months) with a control group. 40 participants were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups of 20 people, experimental and control. The experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. Anxiety, stress, and depression questionnaires DASS-21, Loutans et al.'s psychological capitals (PCQ-24), and Cassidy and Long's problem-solving styles (PSS-24) were filled in three time stages. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of variance analysis with repeated measures. Results: The effectiveness of training (ACT) was stable on all three dependent variables. ( p <0.01)  There was a significant difference between the research groups in the mean scores of psychological disturbance, psychological capital, and problem-solving styles at the stage (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). There was a significant difference between the research groups in all three dependent variables. ( p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, current research considers it possible to treat these people with ACT training in the prison environment.

Objective: While the virtual space has positive functionalities, it can also have potentially harmful effects on families and couples. The present qualitative study aimed to explore the individual, interpersonal, and social factors that could help reduce marital infidelity in the virtual space, using a phenomenological method. Methods:  The statistical population of the study included couples with a history of virtual infidelity referred from the family court in Urmia city. The sample size consisted of 81 participants (12 women and 6 men) who were selected through non-random purposive sampling. The tool of the current research was a semi-structured interview that was conducted in the context of individual, interpersonal, and social factors influencing the prevention of marital infidelity in cyberspace. Results: The data were coded and analyzed using thematic coding. After coding the interviews and categorizing the themes, a total of 7 individual indicators (differentiation, avoiding extremes in marital life, foresight, preventing a crisis in life, strengthening individual competencies, maintaining physical and mental health, and possessing family, ethical, and spiritual competencies), 3 interpersonal indicators (the ability to communicate effectively, both verbally and nonverbally, the presence of intimacy in life, and diminishing interpersonal conflicts), and 4 social indicators (the nature of one’s job and economic status, the presence of stringent laws, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and the existence of diverse healthy and joyful programs in society) were identified. Conclusion: The results indicate that if couples possess the necessary individual and interpersonal skills and society provides the required actions and facilities, the likelihood of virtual infidelity may significantly decrease.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of mothers' personality traits and parenting styles on behavioral problems in adolescent girls, mediated by the family's emotional climate. Methods: The sample consisted of 150 participants selected via multi-stage cluster random sampling from schools. Data were gathered using the Quay Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (RBPC), NEO Personality Inventory, Baumrind's Parenting Styles Questionnaire and Hillburn Family Emotional Climate Questionnaire. Analysis was performed using Smart PLS-3. Results: Findings revealed that among personality traits, openness positively impacted family emotional climate, while the assertive parenting style also enhanced it. In contrast, the authoritarian style had a negative effect. Conscientiousness and extraversion negatively affected behavioral problems, while openness positively influenced them. Additionally, the family emotional climate negatively impacted behavioral issues. However, the indirect effect of personality traits and parenting styles on behavioral problems via family emotional climate was not significant. Conclusion: These insights can aid in improving family emotional climate and addressing behavioral challenges in adolescent girls by focusing on mothers' personality traits and parenting approaches.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate adolescents’ behavioral patterns when facing family challenges. Methods: For the present research, a qualitative and grounded theory approach was used. The research population consisted of all female adolescents aged 14 to 18 in Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2023. The data were collected and saturated through semi-structured interviews with 17 adolescents selected via purposive and snowball sampling. Results: The results extracted the 53 open codes, 11 axial codes, and 5 selective codes from interviews with participants. The findings showed that “extreme parental concerns,” “ideological disagreement,” and “the imposition of strict restrictions” were the main family challenges experienced by adolescents. Moreover, efficient and inefficient coping strategies were the most frequent strategies adopted by adolescents when facing family challenges. Finally, intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences were the main consequences of adolescents’ behavioral patterns in facing family challenges. Conclusion: Knowing the behavioral patterns of teenagers when facing family challenges can help provide family counseling services and raise awareness of the developmental characteristics of teenagers.

Objective: Financial anxiety can affect the lives of many people, but in the literature, especially in Iran, it has not received much attention. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of financial anxiety in the relationship between coping strategies and marital stress. Methods:  The statistical population of the study is married people in Isfahan city. The Research method was correlation-path analysis. By convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected and completed the Financial Anxiety Questionnaire (FAQ), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CISS), and Marital Stress Scale (MSS). Amos-24 software was used for the final evaluation of the model. Results: Findings showed that problem-focused coping strategy and emotion-focused coping strategy indirectly affect marital stress through financial anxiety in married people. The normalized chi-square index is 1.34, the root of the mean squared error (RMSEA) is 0.04, and CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.96, GFI = 0.99, and NFI = 0.98. Then it can be claimed that the model has a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the coping strategies that people use to deal with stressful situations affect their financial anxiety and, subsequently, their marital stress.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes towards childbearing among working women without children in Golpayegan city. Methods:  This study used a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The study population was childless working women in Golpayegan city with public and private jobs in 2022 -23. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed using Strauss & Corbin’s three-stage method. Results: Findings revealed that 87 primary codes were obtained based on the analysis of the interviews through open coding. After axial coding, 24 themes were extracted, which were summarized in the following 11 central categories after selective coding: reluctance to childbearing, marital problems, economic problems, lack of public and social facilities, organizational and occupational problems, personal problems, cultural and environmental barriers, nuclear family system, replacement, suppression, and being used to a childless life. Conclusion: According to the current research findings, women’s attitude towards childbearing is influenced by many intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Therefore, to strengthen the attitude towards childbearing among working women, paying attention to all these factors in educational and support programs is necessary.