درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Ships have always been considered and used as one of the important factors facilitating transportation and trade between countries. For this reason, maritime transport and its related industries are expanding more than before, and the diversity and equipment that can be used on ships is increasing. Nowadays, a lot of carbon is emitted by the shipping industry. It is expected that with the increase in world trade, carbon production will grow more than before. For this reason, the International Maritime Organization and the United Nations reviewed several regulations designed to reduce carbon emissions. These regulations should be applied to market actions business plans, etc. This research, which is a descriptive-analytical method, has tried to answer the basic question, what is the approach of international law regarding the ability of carbon control regulations to affect the shipping industry? The approach of this research shows that from the point of view of international law, carbon control regulations significantly affect the shipping industry.

The melting of the polar ice caps in the north and Antarctica and the increase in the water volume of the oceans and seas cause changes in the sea coasts, which lead to the reduction of the land area of the coastal countries and the submergence of some islands. This change in closed and semi-closed seas, where the coasts of opposite countries are located at a short distance from each other, will have legal and political consequences, which will be the source of conflicts and tensions between coastal areas. One of the beaches on the northern edge of the Persian Gulf, which is considered the normal baseline, is the distance between Bandar Jask and Bandar Abbas. An area whose baseline will be challenged by rising seas and will have legal issues in the future.This article seeks to answer the question of how the rising water level in the Persian Gulf will affect the border issues between Iran and its maritime neighbors. The purpose of this research is to study the location of border tensions caused by climatic fluctuations in the Persian Gulf and the method of library and documentary research, and based on the statistics extracted from the sources, a new map was presented in the GIS environment with the techniques of this software. The results of the research indicate that the rise of the water level resulting from the melting of the polar ice caps in the future will cause a part of the land of the Islamic Republic of Iran to be submerged in front of Oman, and as a result, it will provide the basis for possible conflicts between Iran and that country.