درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of study is Identifying the factors affecting the establishment of "quality culture" and effective factors in the quality of virtual education of Farhangian University.The research method was a two-stage combined exploratory exploration. In the qualitative section, using a semi-structured interview technique, 23 academic and thematic experts were interviewed in a purposeful manner from educational and research centers and the research method in the qualitative part is foundational data theorizing, which seeks to create a theory, model and pattern (Sharmaz, 2007: 462),. A descriptive-survey method has been used in the quantitative part. To analyze the data in order to evaluate the fit of the proposed model from confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling technique by using Smart PLS software. In the quantitative part of research, the initial structure of questionnaire which was compiled with 136 items, in the initial study among five quality monitoring and evaluation experts at Farhangian University. The information obtained from the examination the indicators of each of dimensions and indicators of the quality culture using the criteria of the absolute magnitude of the factor loadings, T-statistics and R2, it should be said that all the items have a suitable factor loading (above 0.7) on the related variable. And these factor loadings were significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels. In other words, the value of t associated with each factor load is greater than its critical value (1.96) at the 0.05 level and (2.58) at the 0.01 level. Then, in the quantitative section, 389 faculty members and non-faculty members were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered the questionnaires. Findings from first and second confirmatory factor analysis showed that culture quality of factors; "Structural / managerial elements"(0.388), "Cultural/ psychological elements" (0.248), "Leadership" (0.500), "Communication" (0.584), "Trust"(0.457), "Commitment"(0.150) and responsibility"(0.528),"Participation"(0.176), "Empowerment"(0.312), "Infrastructure reform"(0.161), "Results of quality culture"(0.458) has been formed and its native model has a suitable structural validity for establishment in Farhangian University. As a result, it can be said that the structural model under study is of good quality and the observed values are well reconstructed and the model has a good predictive ability.

The current research aimed to identify the linchpin components for school principals. In the current study, the researcher used the qualitative method of cornerstone content analysis based on the research objective and problem. The research field was formed by all schools’ principals in Tehran. The purposive sampling method was used to select research participants. To collect data, non-reactive measures (various documents such as articles, books, research results of others, reports, etc.) and semi-structured interviews with key informants were used. At the beginning of the interview, general explanations about the research and its objectives were presented to the interviewee and then the interview was started. The purpose of the researcher conducting these interviews was to identify the development’s linchpin components and their symptoms. The duration of each interview was between 30 and 45 minutes; the ideas raised during the interview process were noted down. Qualitative data were analyzed by using the three-step inductive thematic analysis method of Clarke and Braun (2006). In the inductive thematic analysis where there are logically no pre-defined themes, patterns are revealed during the analysis by placing open codes or similar sub-themes within a main theme. Also, to check the validity of the obtained findings, qualitative validation criteria of "validity" and "reliability" as well as "external audit" were used. The findings showed the 13 components to develop the linchpin components of school principals: network communication; strategic planning; collaborative/interactive/ leadership and management based on collective wisdom; expertise and deep knowledge; critical thinking and problem-solving; creativity and innovation; developmental thinking (self and others); (boundary) breaking structure; ethics/professional ethics; insight and inspiration; acceptance of differences and the uniqueness of humans; generosity and the art of work and emotional connection

The purpose of the research is to investigate the seriousness of primary school students doing their homework during the CoVid-19 Pandemic and to identify challenges and solutions to overcome the problems using the lived experiences of teachers, parents and professionals. Qualitative and phenomenological methods were used in this research. The interviewees of the research included all teachers, parents and specialists of Ardabil city in the academic year of 2022-2023. To select the participants, targeted and saturation sampling was used and 23 teachers, 25 parents and 14 specialists were selected. Data were collected using interviews with open and semi-structured questions. Validity and reliability of interviews were determined through triangulation technique, member control technique, parallel accurate information acquisition technique and researchers' self-review. The findings showed that during the CoVid-19 Pandemic, teachers used assignments that had most of the main characteristics of an ideal assignment. And in order to make it more interesting, enjoyable and to do the homework in a creative way, they implemented various methods and of course they also faced many problems which solutions were presented to overcome them. Parents also expressed their lived experiences about the seriousness of their children in doing their homework and presented solutions to solve the challenges. Next, in connection with the challenges mentioned by teachers and parents, experts were interviewed, and in order to overcome them, the experts presented different solutions and in four categories of solutions; Solutions for teachers, solutions for parents, solutions for education professionals, and solutions for students were categorized.

Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of expressing the challenges of transformational leaders in schools.Method: The approach of the current research is qualitative and the strategy used is narrative research.The researched population was all school principals of Kermanshah city.Sampling was purposeful and 13 people were studied until reaching theoretical saturation. Data collection was semi-structured interview and document review. Validation in the present research was examined and confirmed based on the process of verifiability, transferability, believability and reliability.Findings: The analysis showed that the challenges of transformational leaders in schools include different aspects. The participants reflected the challenges in the form of challenges of different definitions and perceptions, the need for capabilities and competences, and finally structural challenges, and these results were drawn in three graphs. Challenges related to the definition and characteristics include the following: common goals, planning, creating a professional work team, creating change and transformation and inspiring employees. In the challenges related to the necessary competencies of transformational leaders, we also found five main categories including: scientific support, emotional support, clear and two-way communication, organizational foresight, creating a creative and dynamic environment.In the structural challenges faced by transformational leaders, we also found four categories including: organizational issues, individual issues, socio-cultural issues and lack of resources and facilities.