زهرا خادمی آستانه

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating a pessimism questionnaire in married people.Methods: The research method was based on the applied objective and the mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative). The socio-statistics of the research were all professors and experts of clinical psychology and family counselors of Ardabil province in 2022. Among the statistical population, 15 people (11 men and 4 women) were selected based on the principle of opinion saturation as a statistical sample of the qualitative part, and 250 people (136 men and 114 women) were selected as a sample of the quantitative part as a non-random sampling available (easy access) became Interviews and researcher-made questionnaires were used to collect information. Thematic analysis was used with MAXQDA 2018 software to code the interview texts. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha method, construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity), and partial least squares (PLS) were used to analyze the data from the researcher-made questionnaire using SPSS and SmartPLS software.Results: The results indicated that the reliability and validity of the structure (convergence and divergence) were confirmed at an excellent level, and then the confirmatory factor analysis models were confirmed both in the mode of standard coefficients and the mode of absolute significance (p<0/05). Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that due to the innovation of this questionnaire, this questionnaire should be administered to couples before marriage in counseling centers and psychotherapy under the supervision of experienced professors with university experience and couples with pessimism problems before starting life.Conclusion: The joint should be examined and treated during effective protocols to prevent the problems caused by pessimism, which sometimes leads to the disintegration of the joint life if it is aggravated.

The purpose of the research is to investigate the seriousness of primary school students doing their homework during the CoVid-19 Pandemic and to identify challenges and solutions to overcome the problems using the lived experiences of teachers, parents and professionals. Qualitative and phenomenological methods were used in this research. The interviewees of the research included all teachers, parents and specialists of Ardabil city in the academic year of 2022-2023. To select the participants, targeted and saturation sampling was used and 23 teachers, 25 parents and 14 specialists were selected. Data were collected using interviews with open and semi-structured questions. Validity and reliability of interviews were determined through triangulation technique, member control technique, parallel accurate information acquisition technique and researchers' self-review. The findings showed that during the CoVid-19 Pandemic, teachers used assignments that had most of the main characteristics of an ideal assignment. And in order to make it more interesting, enjoyable and to do the homework in a creative way, they implemented various methods and of course they also faced many problems which solutions were presented to overcome them. Parents also expressed their lived experiences about the seriousness of their children in doing their homework and presented solutions to solve the challenges. Next, in connection with the challenges mentioned by teachers and parents, experts were interviewed, and in order to overcome them, the experts presented different solutions and in four categories of solutions; Solutions for teachers, solutions for parents, solutions for education professionals, and solutions for students were categorized.

The purpose of study is Identifying the factors affecting the establishment of "quality culture" and effective factors in the quality of virtual education of Farhangian University.The research method was a two-stage combined exploratory exploration. In the qualitative section, using a semi-structured interview technique, 23 academic and thematic experts were interviewed in a purposeful manner from educational and research centers and the research method in the qualitative part is foundational data theorizing, which seeks to create a theory, model and pattern (Sharmaz, 2007: 462),. A descriptive-survey method has been used in the quantitative part. To analyze the data in order to evaluate the fit of the proposed model from confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling technique by using Smart PLS software. In the quantitative part of research, the initial structure of questionnaire which was compiled with 136 items, in the initial study among five quality monitoring and evaluation experts at Farhangian University. The information obtained from the examination the indicators of each of dimensions and indicators of the quality culture using the criteria of the absolute magnitude of the factor loadings, T-statistics and R2, it should be said that all the items have a suitable factor loading (above 0.7) on the related variable. And these factor loadings were significant at 0.05 and 0.01 levels. In other words, the value of t associated with each factor load is greater than its critical value (1.96) at the 0.05 level and (2.58) at the 0.01 level. Then, in the quantitative section, 389 faculty members and non-faculty members were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered the questionnaires. Findings from first and second confirmatory factor analysis showed that culture quality of factors; "Structural / managerial elements"(0.388), "Cultural/ psychological elements" (0.248), "Leadership" (0.500), "Communication" (0.584), "Trust"(0.457), "Commitment"(0.150) and responsibility"(0.528),"Participation"(0.176), "Empowerment"(0.312), "Infrastructure reform"(0.161), "Results of quality culture"(0.458) has been formed and its native model has a suitable structural validity for establishment in Farhangian University. As a result, it can be said that the structural model under study is of good quality and the observed values are well reconstructed and the model has a good predictive ability.

The purpose of this study was the effect of positive psychology and the being of human from the perspective of Martin Seligman. The research method is archive-based research. The sample of that include all of the human. The findings show that،Psychological phenomena such as happiness, optimism, hope, creativity and self-esteem are the result of positive experiences of the mind. Happiness and inner satisfaction are not the mainstream of psychology in the positive sense. All the clinical efforts of positive psychology focus on increasing psychological well-being and happiness. The result states: People, families, and communities need happy people to flourish.sustainable satisfaction of humans, that is, happiness, good mental state, positive emotions and a series of emotions (especially positive emotions), attitudes (life satisfaction), beliefs (such as the belief that everything is going well) and other mental states. In fact, positive psychology is a scientific study of positive emotions, positive personality traits, and the structures that make this growth. Positive approach claims the positive emotions, abilities and meaning in life.