پریوش جعفری

Purpose: Learning is an important factor in life on which the survival and success of organizations depends. The purpose of this survey study is to investigate the causal relationships between the effective factors of participatory learning in primary schools in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The research is applied in terms of purpose.  Methodology: The participants of the study consisted of 35 experts who were selected by purposive sampling. A researcher-made pairwise comparison questionnaire consisting of 5 influential factors of student, teacher, school principal, school atmosphere, and curriculum was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by DEMATEL technique.  Findings: The results of the analysis based on ranking showed teacher factor at the top of ranking following with the student factor in the second rank; the third rank belonged to the school atmosphere factor, the curriculum factor was ranked fourth; the principal factor fifth. The results also showed that the teacher factor (R+J=23.91; R-J=0.35) had the most interaction (impact / influence) and then respectively, the student (R+J=23.87; R-J=-0.35), the school atmosphere (R+J=23.85; R-J=1.00), the curriculum (R+J=22.88; R-J=-0.71), and, the principal factors (R+J=22.53; R-J=-0.30) considered the most interacting of all. The school atmosphere (R=12.42) was the most influential factor on the other factors, then the teacher (R=12.13) was the next influential factor, which according to the R-J value of these two influential factors are pure. The most influential factors were the curriculum, the student and the principal, respectively.  Conclusion: According to the results, the content of textbooks should be written and compiled with a special focus on this method of teaching and learning. Also, new determining scales of the correct performance of participatory learning should be developed and used.

Purpose: Moral capital is one of the most basic issues in human societies. The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the precursors and consequences of the moral capital of principals of special non-governmental elementary schools in Tehran. Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of objective, in interpretive paradigm in terms of qualitative approach, and content analysis in terms of strategy. The research population consisted of 15 principals working in non-governmental primary schools in Tehran, who were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation and using purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and the validity of the data was confirmed by the triangulation method, and its reliability was estimated to be more than 70% by the agreement coefficient method of two coders. Data were analyzed by open, axial, and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. According to the findings, the antecedents of managers' moral capital included 35 subcategories in 9 main categories and the consequences of managers' moral capital included 25 subcategories in 2 main categories including individual consequences and social consequences. Findings : The results show that the causal conditions include the family characteristics, community characteristics, the personality and professional characteristics of the manager and the contextual conditions including the organizational culture of education, the important role of management in the primary school, the policies and laws of education and intervening factors including economic factors, social factors and organizational factors as the most important precursors have a positive and significant effect on the moral capital of managers. Conclusion: Also, the most important consequences of managers' moral capital are individual consequences and social consequences. According to the results of the present research and in order to realize the consequences of the moral capital of the principals of special non-governmental primary schools, the context must be provided for the realization of its precursors.