درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Extramarital relations are among the main problems in the relationships of married couples that can result in psychological disorders, tensions between couples, and even physical problems in the people involved. The risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, is high among the people who have extramarital relations. A large number of studies have addressed this issue, but there is no consistency in the results, and no research has reviewed them systematically. This study aims to depict a comprehensive image of the relationship between extramarital relationships and contracting HIV/AIDS. This systematic review will be conducted using Pubmed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, as well as the grey literature with no restriction regarding the language. All types of studies investigated the relationship between extramarital relations and HIV/AIDS will be included. The population of the study will be considered the people more than 18 years old with extramarital relationships in their lives at the time of research or before. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection and data extraction. The assessment of the risk of bias will be implemented using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots, Begg’s, and Egger’s tests. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using the I2 statistic and the χ2 test. Also, we will conduct subgroup analyses for the population and all Meta-analyses will be performed using Stata V.13 software. The findings will reveal a comprehensive picture of the relation between extramarital relationships and HIV/AIDS that can improve policy decisions, leading to a reduction and providing improved special services for individuals, couples, and families, and society who faced this problem.

Objectives: One of the major complaints of addicts in withdrawal period is their malady and boredom. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of problem solving skills on happiness of addicts to methamphetamine in Tehran city. Method: Using a semi-experimental design and multistage cluster sampling method, 36 addicts were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups. Both groups filled Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in the pre-test, posttest and after three-month follow up. The participants of the experimental group were taught problem solving skills. Covariance and variance analysis with repeated measurement of Bonn-Ferny test were conducted to analyze the data. Result: Considering the presence of ETA square (0.28), it can be concluded that the experimental intervention led to changes in the treatment group that resulted in 0.28 total changes due to the intervention. We can say that with 99% confidence, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean of the study groups in the three intervention stages. Conclusion: Training problem solving skills is effective in increasing happiness level of addicts to methamphetamine. Keywords: problem solving skills, happiness, methamphetamine, addicts