درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study seeks to delineate the representation of post-9/11 in Iraq through employing a range of ideas and conceptions from Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s formulation of Empire to Agamben’s theorization of the state of exception so as to reveal the real cause of the US invasion of Iraq, the real significance of fundamentalism which arose in the wake of the violence resulting from the invasion, and the resistance role that fundamentalism played in Iraq. The study seeks to demonstrate how Islamophobia, terrorism, fundamentalism, and Empire are inextricably intertwined and the way they are represented in Inaam Kachachi’s The American Granddaughter. The findings of the study reveal the fact that the main intentions of the invasion arise out of the Empire’s attempts to spread its supranational sovereignty to the entire world, along the way giving rise to fundamentalism, which stands as the antithesis of the Empire and which does not have anything to do with going back to the roots of Islam but rather serves the losers of the process of globalization as the means through which they can contest its winners. The novel, thus, is an attempt at giving a narrative mode to the events that led to the fundamentalist renaissance in Iraq as a form of postcolonial confrontation and indicating how fundamentalism has been a form of resistance.

Cette étude analyse l’omission en traduction littéraire à travers la traduction persane de La Folle allure de Christian Bobin par Ghavimi, en mobilisant la typologie de Davies (2007). Les omissions identifiées peuvent être involontaires, résultant de différences syntaxiques et stylistiques, ou volontaires, motivées par un souci d’adaptation culturelle et de lisibilité. Elles influencent la fidélité et la fluidité du texte traduit, pouvant simplifier le style ou remodeler les représentations de l’original, tout en risquant d’effacer son étrangeté. Cette étude met en lumière la double responsabilité du traducteur, partagé entre la fidélité à l’auteur et l’attention portée au lecteur, et confronté à la tension inhérente entre la préservation de l’intégrité du texte source et son intégration dans la culture d’arrivée. Elle montre que l’omission en traduction littéraire ne relève pas seulement d’un ajustement technique, mais qu’elle engage un véritable positionnement éthique : chaque décision d’omission participe d’un choix interprétatif qui interroge la loyauté du traducteur, la place accordée au Soi ou à l’Autre et les finalités mêmes du projet traductif. Elle constitue également un outil stratégique dont la légitimité varie selon le contexte, le genre et les objectifs de la traduction.

In James Joyce’s Ulysses, Leopold Bloom emerges as one of the greatest Irish characters, a temporally indomitable rebel who shatters the regular chronology and enters into the self-created heterogeneous world for the sake of challenging Irish nationalistic sacredness. The multiple characteristics of Leopold’s subjective perception of time directs us to Alain Badiou’s distinctive ontological reading, in which he proposes the term void as an ignored ontological heterogeneity triggered by the state’s monolithic structuration. By localizing the void under the name of the event, the required condition will be prepared for the eligible subject, namely, a rebel to engage idiosyncrasy in hope of changing a future that is still in the formation. By examining Ulysses, this article explores the ways in which Leopold’s mind embraces a plethora of immediate impressions in the form of failed inconsistencies that can be used as a personal artifact in social context laden with anti-colonial sentiments to first, provide self-created truths, and then reexamine structured situations at the sudden moment of excess, bracing itself for new causal events. Moreover, the article examines miscellaneous, pithy insignificant events as narratorial tropes cast across the spatial-temporal plane of Ulysses, diverging the narrative from linear narration, and at the same time distracting the character from approximating their centrality.