درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Dans La Symphonie des morts, ce qui est mis en scène par le romancier, Abbas Maroufi, c’est une famille entourée par différentes formes de mort causées par l’incendie, le fratricide, le suicide et la noyade involontaire. Ce qui attire notre attention dans cet ouvrage, c’est la présence perpétuelle des images du feu et de l’eau dans les scènes où la mort intervient. Donc, l’existence des personnages est intimement liée à ces deux éléments qui se trouvent au centre de la pensée bachelardienne. Quelles images poétiques ou symboliques ces éléments créént-ils chez l’écrivain ? Comment et dans quelle mesure participent-ils au destin funeste des personnages ? Lequel de ces deux élémements l’emporte sur l’autre et pourquoi ? Pour parvenir à des réponses convenables, nous allons étudier la relation qu’établissent ces images avec la mort des protagonistes. Certes, cette étude sera suivie d’une analyse psychanalytique des membres de la famille Ourkhani, car la critique bachelardienne va au-delà des images naturelles pour atteindre aux détails de la psyché humaine selon la psychanalyse freudienne

Abbās Quli Aqā Bākikhānov (1794-1847) and Mirzā FatḥʾAli Akhundzādeh (1812-78) both came from the same socio-economic class, performed the same professional function in Russian government service, and shared literary interests as shown by their membership of the same literary club in Tiflis. They also aimed at reforming and modernizing the Azeri and Iranian societies. However, it was also on this very subject that their differences became apparent. Not only did they disagree on what the nature of that change had to be, but they also diverged about the pace of change. Whereas Akhundzādeh wanted to travel in the fast lane to bring about modern and secular indigenous societies that were modeled after a modernizing Russia, Bākikhānov argued for traveling the slower lane, preserving what he considered was good and worthwhile of his traditional native cultures, which also included a modernized form of Islam and the teaching of Persian. The two men also differed in their approach to how to help bring about the desired changes. Akhundzādeh used his literary talent to mainly address the educated class by showing them in his plays and prose how backward their society was and, by implication, how necessary it was to secularize and Europeanize. Bākikhānov, being more of a Sufi-bent Muslim, wanted to reach Azeri society in a much more targeted way. Neither man was successful in their objective during their lifetime, although their works had a lasting influence on Azeri and Iranian reformers.

Proverbs, a cornerstone of folk literature, transmit societal thoughts and experiences across generations through concise and impactful sentences. Virtually every facet of human experience is reflected in proverbs, including the concept of peace, which is richly represented in Persian tradition. This study examines 30 Persian proverbs related to peace, employing a systemic-functional linguistics framework to analyze their ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions. The findings reveal that these proverbs frequently utilize or imply a relational process. Circumstantial elements within these processes often serve to compare peace with war, or to provide justification for the prioritization of peace. In terms of interpersonal function, the consistent use of the present tense underscores the timeless relevance of peace. Regarding textual function, the placement of peace-related concepts in the thematic position emphasizes their centrality for the audience. Furthermore, the cohesive juxtaposition of peace with war, or related concepts, reinforces the imperative to avoid conflict.

Hooshang Golshiri’s Shazdeh Ehtejab, as a very influential novel in the Iranian history of novel writing, has drawn attentions from plethora of critics with different approaches and attitudes. The present article draws on the ideas and concepts introduced by deconstructive theoreticians to investigate the nuances and delicate contradictions the novel offers about the nature of power relations. The article mainly centers around the opposition between the binary of author/reader, how it is reversed or subverted in the novel, and the way it is extended to the novels’ involvement with power relations which may be representative of the general social and power structure of particular historical era in Iran. To avoid the major critique against deconstruction's abstract armchair theorizing, the present article would also draw upon some of the well-known ideas and concepts used by famous writers in power relation namely Louis Althusser and Foucault to move the analysis beyond the text to the social sphere.

L’article analyse la pensée poétique de Jean-Claude Pinson, qui, face à la crise du sens et à la marchandisation du langage, interroge ce que la poésie peut encore aujourd’hui. Pinson critique l’illusion prométhéenne des avant-gardes, persuadées que le poème pouvait transformer le monde, ainsi que le repli textualiste ayant enfermé la poésie dans l’expérimentation formelle. Refusant à la fois le nihilisme et la nostalgie, il propose une « poéthique », articulant poésie et éthique comme manière d’habiter le monde et d’inventer des formes de vie. La poésie devient alors puissance d’éthopoièse : elle façonne des subjectivités, crée des styles d’existence et ouvre des voies de résistance symbolique face au biopouvoir. À travers les notions de poétariat et de lyrisme désacralisé, Pinson envisage la poésie comme exercice de subjectivation et utopie modeste. Elle ne change plus le monde, mais peut encore changer nos vies, en instaurant une présence lucide, fragile mais nécessaire.