درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Late diagnosis and treatment of congenital hip dysplasia (CHD) can cause many problems in a person's daily life.   Aim: Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of therapeutic exercises and education on parents’ weight bearing, range of motion, joint stability, and disease complications in 4-10-year-old children with congenital hip dysplasia. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design on 40 children with CHD in two groups of 20 people: therapeutic exercises and education. The training program of the therapeutic exercises group was done on a middle day for 8 weeks from 60 to 90 min in each session. Also in the training group, parents were taught about the correct methods of sitting, standing, and lying down. Before and after the intervention, the subjects were evaluated by the researcher in terms of performance indicators. These indicators were evaluated with specialized tests (weight bearing with standing flexion test, range of motion with stork test, and joint stability with sitting test). The analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between groups in terms of the effect on the indicators. Results: Based on the findings, the difference between the two groups of therapeutic exercises and education to parents was significant in weight-bearing and range of motion (P=0.000 and P=0.000), but in hip joint stability and disease complications, no significant difference was observed (P=0.269 and P=0.163). Conclusion: Considering the greater effectiveness of the therapeutic exercises, it is suggested to design a codified program in the physical education program of U10 children to correct skeletal abnormalities, especially hip dysplasia.

Background: Pregnancy can be a special but potentially stressful time for women. The routine life of female athletes who become pregnant may be challenged, and professional athletes may be more likely to experience psychological disorders during this time.Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the stress, anxiety, and depression levels in professional and novice pregnant athletes.Materials and Methods: 106 female volleyball players (42 professional and 64 novices) were selected as the research sample, based on their competitive levels and study participation criteria. Data were collected using a personal information form and the DASS-21 questionnaire developed by Lovibond 1995.Results: The results of the MANOVA test showed that pregnant professional athletes had significantly higher levels of stress and depression compared to pregnant novice athletes (P≤0.05). Although professional athletes had higher levels of anxiety than novice female athletes, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups on this scale (P≤ 0.05).Conclusion: It seems that female athletes at high competitive levels experience increased psychological challenges because of the added responsibilities of motherhood, in addition to their sports commitments. It is recommended to prioritize physical and psychological interventions and strategies to enhance the mental well-being of these individuals.

In the contemporary global landscape, nations strive to portray themselves as modern and open societies, employing various tools, such as art diplomacy, scientific diplomacy, and sports diplomacy, as a compelling facet of public engagement, especially over the past two decades. This study aims to scrutinize the role of sports in interactions of Iran and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The research was descriptive based on qualitative technic that was done by two round Delphi interviews. The participants consisted of 14 experts of sport policy and international relations and the data collection involved an examination of diverse sources, including articles, books, and websites of Google Scholar, Taylor Francis, and Sciences Direct. The qualitative section indicated three concepts of sport diplomatic interactions of Iran and SCO countries included: Economic, Political and Cultural factors. The findings also highlight Russia and China as promising prospects for fostering sports diplomatic interactions with Iran. Sports events that secure medals, notably gymnastics and swimming, benefit significantly from enhanced bilateral and multilateral exchanges within the sports competitions framework among Shanghai Cooperation Agreement nations.