درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The outbreak of war in Ukraine at the same time as the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics once again called the world sports to engage in international military warfare. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of sports deterrent in the prevention of international military wars. The present study was a qualitative-netnogeraphy method, which was conducted by studying various websites and social networks such as Instagram and official websites of BBC sport, CNN sport, ABC sport, Varzesh TV, Olympics and FIFA World Cup pages. The results indicated that sport sanctions of Russia categorized to personal (8) and organizational (21) concepts. Although Sports is a non-political phenomenon, it can play as a peace-making factor to decrease the political and military pressure on nations. Today, athletes, because of their billion audience on social media and messengers, have an irreplaceable impact on the public, including efforts to curb violence, aggression and incitement to war, including effective sports in promoting international peace.

Background : Internationalization of sports leagues can have several benefits, including increased exposure to a global audience; improved competitiveness; and enhanced financial opportunities and cultural exchange. Overall, the internationalization of a sports league can help it grow, become more competitive, and reach a wider audience, leading to benefits for both the league and its fans. Aim: The main objective of this research was to develop a model of challenges affecting the internationalization of the Persian Gulf Pro League (PGPL). Materials and Methods: We conducted twenty in-depth interviews with expertise involved in the functioning of the PGPL who were recruited using a convenience sampling method. The data was analyzed using grounded theory method, including open, axial, and selective coding. During the analysis, we identified 85 codes that generated 49 general concepts. Subsequently, through further reviewing the concepts and their combination with each other, we identified twenty tow final categories that affect the internationalization of PGPL. These categories were classified into five main dimensions: political-economic; managerial; legal; technical-marketing and socio-cultural. Results : According to the research findings, it is necessary for the Iranian football managers and practitioners to first address the challenges affecting the internationalization of the PGPL and then provide the required conditions and platforms with attitude-behavioral alignment to move toward internationalization. Conclusion: The study suggests that Iranian football managers and practitioners need to address challenges hindering the internationalization of the PGPL and provide the necessary conditions and platforms to facilitate the process. By doing so, the PGPL can expand its presence and competitiveness in the global football industry, leading to growth and success.

Background: Regular exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on both physical and mental health. There is growing evidence to suggest that exercise can improve mood, reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, and increase overall well-being. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of ethical values and coaching styles in adherence to sports in group and individual athletes. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the present study included 350 athletes in group and individual disciplines in Mashhad, 296 of them were randomly selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for statistical analysis in the present study, which was done using SPSS 23 (Chicago) and LISREL 8.80 software. Results: The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the research data have a normal distribution. The analysis results showed a significant relationship between coaching style and its components with adherence to sport and between ethical values and its components with adherence to the sport. Also, the regression analysis results showed that ethical values and their components and coaching styles and their components have the ability to predict adherence to the sport. Conclusion: Finally, it was found that the structural equation model of the relationship between ethical values and adherence to sport and coaching styles and adherence to the sport has a significant fit. According to the results of the research, it can be said that coaches and those involved in sports can, by properly explaining and presenting ethical values, as well as the correct use and application of coaching styles, encourage people in the community at all levels and especially athletes to adhere to physical activity and exercise.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise combined with health literacy training on liver fat grade and body mass index in sedentary middle-aged men. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest with a control group.  22 sedentary middle-aged man with a liver grade higher than 1 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into intervention (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The subjects in the intervention group participated in the exercise training protocol for 8 weeks along with the health literacy training program, the control group did not have any intervention. Data were collected through liver ultrasound, blood sampling and body mass index measurement before and after the intervention and analyzed using ANCOVA test and SPSS20 software. Results: The results showed that exercise along with health literacy training improves liver fat content and reduces body mass index in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0% 5). Conclusion: This study showed that performing two interventions of exercise and health literacy simultaneously is effective in improving the fat content of the liver and body mass index of sedentary middle-aged men and prevents the development of advanced fatty liver.