درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Teaching media literacy to students pursues several goals, including creating creative, critical, and scrutinizing thinking about the media content and performance, as well as recognizing the visual forms of communication using it, along with other reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. This research aimed to design a curriculum model for media literacy in the second grade of elementary school and to validate it. The research method was qualitative-quantitative and it was applied in terms of purpose. In the qualitative part, the media literacy curriculum model was identified using the synthesis research method based on the analogical model and the Klein model. Then, in order to validate the mentioned components, the obtained information was provided to experts in the field of curriculum planning and media and information management. The scope of the research was in the range of 2006 to 2021 for domestic documents and in the range of 2005 to 2021 for foreign documents. The statistical population in line with the model validation was experts in curriculum planning and media and information management. In order to validate the entire research, the statistical sample consisted of two groups of 10 experts in the field of curriculum planning and media and information management, who were selected based on the minimum number required to evaluate content validity. The data collection method in the validation stage was researcher-made questionnaires. Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was used to measure the content validity. Results showed that the goals of the media literacy curriculum in the second grade of elementary school include two kind of goals: general goals (achieving Iranian-Islamic media culture) and partial goals (empowering students and teachers). The content of the media literacy curriculum in the second grade of elementary school included functional consumption education, critical consumption education, functional production-consumption education, and critical production-consumption education. The learning-teaching strategies used were presented in two sections: teacher’s activities (teaching method) and students’ activities, and the evaluation element was defined in three levels: students, teachers, and curriculum and educational content. Also, the results showed that the grouping in the media literacy program in the second grade of elementary school should be based on the individual and socioemotional characteristics of the students. The required resources and facilities were continuous improvement of the media literacy curriculum for the second grade of elementary school, compilation of the media literacy textbook for the second grade of elementary school, provision of educational facilities and media training assistance for second grade of elementary school students, and development of research in the field of media education. In choosing the time and place in the media literacy program, time and place flexibility in the presentation of teaching content was emphasized. Based on the results of this research, the suggested model of the media literacy curriculum of the second grade of elementary school can be used and implemented in the education system.

Purpose: The school principals’ competence plays an important role in improving the education system. As a result, this study aimed to investigate and present the competency model of high school principals. Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of implementation. In the qualitative part, the research population was the educational management experts of Guilan province in the academic year of 2021-22, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected as a sample using targeted and snowball sampling methods. In the quantitative part, the research population was the principals of the second year high school in Guilan province in the academic year 2021-22, and according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan, 127 of them were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, whose psychometric indicators were checked and confirmed. The data of the qualitative part were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in Maxqda software, and the data of the quantitative part were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis method in Amos software. Findings: The results of the qualitative section showed that 137 indicators, 17 components and 5 dimensions were identified for the competence of high school principals; so as to include the dimensions of belief (with the components of cognition, belief, value and behavior), rational (with the components of discretion power, future studies and effective decision-making), personal (with the components of creating a positive environment, needs assessment, mental health and the flourishing of talents), managerial (with the components of human/general skills, perceptual/maturity skills and specialized/leadership skills) and educational (with the components of teaching and learning process, educational supervision and guidance, and educational evaluation). Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that the factor load and the average variance extracted of the dimensions and components were higher than 0.50 and their content validity and reliability ratio with Cronbach’s alpha method was higher than 0.80. In addition, the Competency model of high school principals had a good fit and each of the dimensions had a significant effect on the corresponding components and each of the components had a significant effect on the corresponding indicators (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the competency model of high school principals, planning to improve and promote the competence of school principals through the identified dimensions, components and indicators seems necessary.

Purpose: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing the national identity curriculum model for the second elementary school. Methodology: According to the nature and scope of the research, various qualitative methods were used to achieve the research objectives, which include: a) grounded theory, to design the national identity curriculum model in the elementary school; b) Thematic analysis method to determine the characteristics of elements of national identity in primary school textbooks to achieve the curriculum model of national identity. In part A, the community was studied by experts in the field of national identity, including experts in social sciences and educational sciences and upper education documents. The method of gathering information from experts was through semi-structured interviews with 36 teachers and experts. Also, the interviews were conducted based on the grounded theory in three stages of open, central, and selective coding, and the obtained concepts were classified into categories and subcategories. Findings: National identity curriculum model was presented in two dimensions of why and the necessity of national identity curriculum and how national identity curriculum in the form of a conceptual model, including the necessity and need (needs assessment), goals (general goal and partial goals), content (principles of content organization, content selection), teaching methods, learning, teacher's role, and evaluation methods. Conclusion: Among the features of this model, we can refer to being native, attention to individual, social, ethnic and national characteristics, being scientific, simplicity, originality, educational outlook and active approach in teaching and learning.

Women have always been of cultural relevance as one of the most important elements of the society. The central role of women in cultural development has caused significant increase in the attention to these areas in recent years. The main aim of this research has been to interpret the women's status in cultural development and improvement. For this purpose, first based on theoretical principles and the literature available in this regard, the initial conceptual model was prepared. Then, based on the opinions of the statistical population of the research, as experts specialized in culture, interpretation of the indices of this model has been done. The sampling method in this research has been cluster, with the sample size determined as 384 using Morgan table. In this research, for measuring the research indices, questionnaire has been used. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach alpha coefficient, and its validity via construct validity method. The results of this research led to identification of the major indicators and components affecting the women's status in cultural development and improvement.

Purpose: School revitalization plays an important role in students' academic performance. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to present an integrated curriculum model in order to revitalize elementary schools. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of methodology. The research population included the professors, experts of the Education Department of Tehran province, and the sample size was determined 289 people using the Cochran formula. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling method according to their job position. The data collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of an integrated curriculum aimed at revitalizing elementary schools, whose content validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was obtained 0.83using Cronbach's alpha method. Data analysis was carried out using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results showed that the integrated curriculum model for revitalizing elementary schools consisted of 68 design items, i.e. goal (8 items) content (9 items), content organization (5 items), characteristics of learning activities (5 items), learning activity strategy (5 items), and evaluation (8 items), of which only the factor loading of 40 items was higher than 0.40. Also, the integrated curriculum model for revitalizing elementary schools had a good fit and the integrated curriculum for revitalizing elementary schools had a significant effect on all six components of goal, content, content organization, characteristics of learning activities, strategies of learning activities and evaluation (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, an effective step can be taken to revitalize elementary schools through the items of each of the six components of the integrated curriculum, including the goal, content, content organization, characteristics of learning activities, strategies of learning activities and evaluation.

Purpose: Given the importance of performance management in improving organizational performance, the present study was conducted to design a model for performance management based on components of talent management. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of objective and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of research method. The population of qualitative study included literature on performance management based on the components of talent management during 2001-2021 and the population of quantitative study included managers and employees of the airports and air navigation of East Azerbaijan Province in 2021 (n=240). The sample size of qualitative study was n=30, and n=144 in quantitative study, who were selected as according to the table of Karjesi and Morgan by simple random sampling method. The tool of qualitative study was note-taking of the researches; and a 90-item researcher-made questionnaire in quantitative study, whose validity and reliability were appropriate. The qualitative study data were analyzed by coding method and MAXQDA; and quantitative study data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling using SPSS and LISREL. Findings: The results of qualitative study showed that for performance management based on components of talent management, 158 indicators and 71 components were identified in 6 categories, including talent sourcing, talent retention, talent development, creativity and innovation, performance development and professional competencies. Also, the results of quantitative study showed that the factor load of all 6 categories and 90 items was higher than 0.50 and the reliability of all categories was calculated higher than 0.90 by Cronbach's alpha. In addition, the performance management model based on components of talent management had a good fit and this model had a direct significant effect on all six categories (P<0.001). Conclusion: The performance management model based on the talent management components designed in the present study had a good validity. Therefore, to improve performance management, it is possible to provide the basis for improving the components of talent management.

Purpose: This paper aimed to examine the pathology of Shahab national plan in primary schools of Shahryar, Tehran, Iran. Methodology: This research was conducted with a mixed exploratory method, that is, firstly, using semi-structured interviews and a qualitative method of the fuzzy Delphi type, the harms of Shahab National Plan were identified and prioritized, then the current situation of the harms was investigated using a quantitative descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research was specialists and experts working in the Ministry of Education as well as university professors. The sampling method in this section was a targeted method, according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected as a sample. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the research was made up of all the fifth grade teachers of the elementary school of Shahryar city, whose number was 441 in the academic year of 2018-2019. To determine the sample size in this section, the Cochran formula table was used and 230 people were selected as a sample, whose selection method was cluster random. The research tools were semi-structured interview, fuzzy Delphi questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire. Reliability and validity in the qualitative part were obtained according to the audit strategies of the research. In the quantitative part, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha test, and it was used to confirm the formal and content validity of the questionnaire from the experts’ point of view. To analyze the results in the qualitative part, content analysis of interviews and fuzzy Delphi were used, and in the quantitative part, one sample t-test was used in SPSS. Findings: Based on the qualitative findings, the harms of Shahab plan were identified and prioritized in three areas: behavioral (including 14 harms), structural (including 19 harms) and contextual (including 25 harms). According to the analysis of quantitative data, the current state of harms was examined from the teachers’ point of view. Conclusion: The results of one sample t-test showed that most of the harms are at a level higher than the assumed average of the community and a few are at an average level or lower than the average.