Iranian journal of educational sociology

Purpose: The aim of this research was predicting social skills in single child adolescents based on attachment styles and creativity with mediating role of moral intelligence. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study from type of correlation. The research population was 3957 single child adolescent students in areas one to three of Tehran city in 2019-2020 academic years. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 350 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data used from the questionnaires of social skills (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992), attachment styles (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), creativity (Torrance, 1992) and moral intelligence (Lennick & Kiel, 2005). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method from type of path analysis in LISREL software version 8.8. Findings: The findings showed that secure attachment and creativity had a direct and significant effect on moral intelligence and social skills, avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachments had a direct and significant effect on moral intelligence and social skills and moral intelligence had a direct and significant effect on social skills. Also, secure, insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent attachments, avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachments and creativity with mediating role of moral intelligence had an indirect and significant effect on social skills (P<0.05). The model had a good fit and moral intelligence was a good mediator between attachment styles and creativity with social skills. Conclusion: According to the results, to improve social skills can be increased the rate of secure attachment style, creativity and moral intelligence and decreased the rate of avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles.

Purpose: The purpose of present study was determining the effectiveness of academic buoyancy training on academic engagement and adjustment to school in firth high school students. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of methodology was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was firth high school girl students of District 9 of Tehran city in academic years of 2019-20. The research sample was 50 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (each group 25 people). The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 70-minute academic buoyancy training and the control group did not see training. Research tools were the questionnaires of academic engagement Fredricks and et al (2004) and adjustment to school Sinha & Singh (1993). Data were analyzed with chi-square, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance methods in the SPSS version 21 software. Findings: The findings showed that the experimental and control groups had a significant difference in both variables of academic engagement and adjustment to school. In the other words, academic buoyancy training led to increased academic engagement and adjustment to school in firth high school students (P<0/05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is recommended that school counselors and psychologists used the academic buoyancy training method to improve academic characteristics, especially to increase academic engagement and adjustment to school.

Purpose: The aim of this research was investigating the relationship of teachers’ emotional maturity and perception of teacher behavior and students' academic buoyancy. Methodology: Present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was descriptive from type of correlation. The research statistical population was all teachers and students of fofth and sixth grade of elementary school (86 teachers and 2576 students) of Neyriz city in 2018-19 academic years. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the research sample was 70 teachers and 350 students who were selected by cluster sampling method. The research tools were the questionnaires of emotional maturity (Singh & Bhargava, 1990), perception of teacher behavior (شریفی, 1989) and academic buoyancy (DehghaniZadeh & HoseinChari, 2012). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate regression with enter model in SPSS software version 22. Findings: The findings showed that teachers’ emotional maturity and dimensions of social Incompatibility and lack of independence had a negative and significant relationship with perception of teacher behavior and teachers’ emotional maturity and dimensions of personality collapse and lack of independence had a negative and significant relationship with students' academic buoyancy. Other results showed that the dimensions of teachers’ emotional maturity could significantly explain 7.8% of changes in perception of teacher behavior and 11.7% of changes in students' academic buoyancy (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, to improve the perception of teacher behavior and students' academic buoyancy can be increased the teacher's emotional maturity and its dimensions.

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a professional development model for high school teachers. Methodology: The research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of mixed method. In the qualitative section, the statistical population included all experts in education and training sciences in Tehran that a sample of 15 people was selected by purposive sampling using the principle of theoretical saturation from the above community. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included all high school teachers in Tehran that 382 people were selected by stepwise cluster sampling. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, an in-depth semi-structured interview with 5 open-ended questions was used, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to design a career development model. Qualitative data analysis was performed using thematic analysis method and partial least squares method was used to analyze quantitative data. Findings showed that the components of professional development according to experts included three dimensions of professional knowledge, professional commitment and professional ability. Findings: The results of factor analysis on 25 items of professional development model showed that the factor loads of the items of each factor and the relevant t-index had a factor load of more than 0.4. Also, all variables had the mean and extracted variance above 0.5. Also, in order to determine the reliability of data collection tools, Cronbach's alpha method was used. The values ​​of these coefficients for all variables were above 0.7, which indicated the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. There is a strong link between the role of human capital and the development of countries. Conclusion: Human capital growth is a set of knowledge, skills and characteristics that lead a person to individual, organizational and social success.

Purpose: Considering the quantitative growth of university growth and technology centers in the country and the need for solutions to facilitate the success of these companies in global competition, this study identifies the indicators of innovation ecosystem of university growth and technology centers with the knowledge-based economy approach with data foundation approach. Methodology: This research was based on empirical philosophy and has been done with a deductive-inductive approach. From the perspective of the goal, it was a fundamental research that has been done with a mixed research method. The study population of this study includes entrepreneurship professors and managers who have work experience in knowledge-based companies. Sampling was done by non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling method. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires. In the analysis of the interviews, the data theory of the foundation (selective, open and pivotal) was used. Also, the identified indicators have been validated by fuzzy Delphi method. Finally, the final model of the research is presented. Research data analysis was performed in the qualitative phase with MAXQDA software and in the quantitative phase with Matlab software. Findings: To achieve the objectives of the research, by analyzing interviews with experts, a set of practical indicators of the innovation ecosystem were identified. In the open coding stage, 517 codes were identified, which with the observed observations, 9 main categories and 41 sub-categories were obtained. Conclusion: Based on the achievements of this study, issues such as organizational management, growth center rules and regulations, innovation ecosystem infrastructure, knowledge ecosystem, innovation ecosystem, ecosystem capital, economic ecosystem, innovation ecosystem challenges and key players are key elements in the success of these universities in knowledge-based economy was considered. These cases also interact with each other in 41 minor areas.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a combination learning model in technical and vocational education. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory (quantitative and qualitative) in terms of implementation method. The research population was in the qualitative part of documents and resources and specialists in the field of combined learning and in the quantitative part were the principals and students of technical and vocational schools in Zanjan province in the academic year 2018-19. The sample of research was in the qualitative part of documents and resources related to combined learning and 17 experts in the field of learning who were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation by sampling method of network experts and in the quantitative part were 176 administrators and students who according to Krejcie and Morgan table with Cluster sampling method was selected. Data were collected by filing methods, interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire (39 items) whose face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.81. Qualitative data were analyzed by open and axial coding method based on Klein model and quantitative data were analyzed by Delphi methods to determine the validation of the model and t-test. Finding: The results showed that combined learning in technical and vocational education included 43 basic concepts and 9 structural concepts including learning objectives, learning content, learning activities, learning strategies, grouping, learning materials and resources, learning time, learning location and evaluation. The combined learning model of design and its validity by experts with Delphi method was approved in two stages and the number of basic concepts was reduced from 43 to 39. The results of t-test also showed that technical readiness and readiness of human factors combined learning had an effective role in technical and vocational education. Conclusion: According to the results, the designed model of combined learning approved by experts can be used in combined learning environments in technical and professional organizations and can be a criterion for future research in this organization.

Purpose: The aim of this research was predicting the family function based on early maladaptive schemas and couple’s communication patterns. Methodology: Present study was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was married female employees working in public and non-public schools of Tehran city and their spouses in 2017-2018 academic years. The research sample was 482 people (241 couples) who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The research instruments were the questionnaires of family function (Epstein and et all, 1983), early maladaptive schemas (Young, 1998) and couple’s communication patterns (Christensen and Sullaway, 1984). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate regression methods in SPSS software version 24. Findings: The results showed that the schemas of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other directedness and excessive vigilance and inhibition, constructive communication pattern, avoidance communication pattern and demand/retiring communication pattern had a significant relationship with family function. Also, early maladaptive schemas and couple’s communication patterns significantly could predict 52.9 percent of variance of family function (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, to promote the family function can be decrease the rate of their early maladaptive schemas and improve the rate of couple’s communication patterns, who for this purpose the use of psychological interventions include schema therapy can be useful.

Purpose: The main purpose of this article was to identify the dimensions and components of promoting professional ethics in the education system for school principals. Methodology: The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the factors and components. The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of professional ethics. After the interview, 25 theoretical saturations were conducted and all interviews lasted between 90 and 120 minutes. In addition, semi-structured interviews with university experts in 2019 were conducted in the form of open and pivotal and selective codes, and to determine the validity and reliability of these components and indicators, the content validity method and Cronbach’s alpha (0.824) were used. Findings: According to the semi-structured interviews, 202 open codes with 2651 referrals, 19 core codes and 5 selective codes (educational, organizational, individual, socio-cultural and behavioral) were extracted to promote professional ethics. Then, according to the researcher-made questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used to confirm the indicators and components. All components were approved with a factor load above 0.6 and Butler coefficient with 0.9 indicated a high correlation between experts. Conclusion: Professional ethics is one of the basic and serious needs in various sectors of education in the country and can provide the grounds for overcoming this situation of recession and lack of trust and confidence and cultural confusion.

purpouse: The aim of this study was to improve the organizational vitality and environmental performance of the university by implementing green management in the administrative, educational and research units of the free universities of Mazandaran province in the academic year of 2019-20. Methodology: Method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection among descriptive research was correlational and in terms of method was mixed exploratory research. The statistical population consisted of 21 experts, specialists, experts in the fields of educational management and psychology, which was done using purposive sampling method and using the principle of maximum diversity to achieve theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews. For validity and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts in the research were used. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all faculty members, senior, middle and operational managers and officials of administrative, educational and research units of free universities in Mazandaran province in 1950. In the quantitative part, 321 people were selected as a statistical sample by relative random sampling method based on Cochran's formula. Findings: Data in the qualitative part were extracted through the implementation of Delphi technique with a semi-structured questionnaire and in the quantitative part through the implementation of researcher-made questionnaires of green management, organizational vitality and environmental performance on the statistical sample. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed in terms of content and structure. Reliability was estimated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient with 87%. Used. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that green management (six dimensions) has an effect on organizational vitality (seven dimensions) and environmental performance (seven dimensions) and organizational vitality has an effect on environmental performance. Also, organizational vitality played a mediating role in the impact of green management on environmental performance. Discussion: The development of economy, industry and green innovation requires culture building and efforts of every committed and responsible citizen of the country and as a matter of governance, all elements of the system must adhere to it.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a program for teaching philosophy in a narrative manner and to evaluate its effectiveness on moral intelligence, epistemological beliefs and emotional self-awareness in adolescents. Methodology: The method of quasi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up group, also in terms of exploratory data type. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of 15 specialists in educational sciences and philosophy who were selected by purposive sampling method. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative part included 30 students in 2019 who were tested in two groups of 15 using stepwise cluster sampling. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90-minute philosophy training in a narrative manner. The data collection tool was exploratory in the qualitative part of semi-structured individual interviews. In the quantitative part, Lenick and Kiel (2011) Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Biles (2009) and Grant et al. (2002) Emotional Self-Awareness Questionnaire were used. Qualitative data analysis was used for content analysis and in quantitative part for confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Findings: The findings showed that among the components of teaching philosophy in a narrative way were responsibility, forgiveness, honesty, courageous behavior, moral values and communication skills. The results also showed that teaching philosophy in a narrative way is effective on moral intelligence, epistemological beliefs and emotional self-awareness of adolescents. Conclusion: Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments will help researchers and therapists in the field of adolescents.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the position of ethnicity in formal and hidden curricula of the new secondary education system. Methodology: The present research method was qualitative analysis of content analysis which consisted of two parts. The first part of the research included documentary analysis and content analysis. The statistical population included 51 books in the field of humanities in the second secondary school. The research sampling method was purposeful sampling and the research sample included 6 volumes of history and sociology books of the second secondary school. The content analysis unit consisted of text, images, and textbook activities. To evaluate the content validity was used experts' opinion about the degree of coordination of the content of the measurement tool and the purpose of the research. On the other hand, in order to ensure its reliability, Scott method was used. Based on the obtained reliability coefficient (79) it was quite stable. In the second part of the research, the research method was qualitative and ethnographic, and various tools such as student journals, photographs, semi-structured and informal interviews and observation were used to collect research data. To analyze the data in this section, qualitative content analysis was used by Smith method. Finally, to ensure the accuracy of the findings in this section, Triangulation method and re-referral of data to participants were used. Findings: The findings of the research in the first part showed that only 4% of the three sections of the content from the reviewed books paid attention to the 22 desirable components of ethnicity. Also in data analysis based on Smith method in the second part of the research, various themes including ethnicity neglect, teachers 'ignorance, different teachers' expectations, ethnicity as a cause of discrimination and the consequences of ethnic discrimination appeared. Each of them contained several sub-themes. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be acknowledged that the place of ethnicity in the formal and hidden curricula of the new secondary school system has been largely neglected. Therefore, due to the multiplicity of Iranian society, it is suggested that the curriculums of the secondary schools be completely revised to cover the necessary components for multicultural education and ethnic diversity in Iran.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design an effective school model based on the model of learning organization in primary school in Tehran. Methodology: The research method was a combined research method (qualitative and quantitative) by grounded theory method and structural equation model by quantitative method. The research population was in the qualitative section of university professors specializing in primary education and in the quantitative section were experts in the field of education in Tehran in 2009-2010. Twelve people were selected as a sample in the qualitative section by purposeful method from university professors and 196 experts and specialists in education in Tehran were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part of the effectiveness of the learning schools. The data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the grounded method of exploratory theory and in the quantitative part by the structural equation model test and factor analysis. Findings: The results showed that the model of confirmatory factor analysis of the first stage and the relevant factor were: empowerment of human resources (with a factor of 0.926), establishment of teaching and learning system (with a factor of 0.910), extracurricular activities (with a factor of 0.914), Competencies of managers (with a factor of 0.910), competencies of teachers (with a factor of 0.978), educational policies (with a factor of 0.934), technological facilities (with a factor of 0.905). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be said that the priority factors of effective schools are: First priority: Empowerment of human resources, Second priority: Establishment of teaching and learning system, Third priority: Extracurricular activities, Fourth priority: Competencies of principals, Fifth priority: Teachers' competencies, Sixth priority: Educational policies, Seventh priority: Technological facilities.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was Analysis of the Internationalization of Iran's Higher Education Curriculum; requirements & obstacles. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of the purpose and, in terms of the type of data collected, is quantitative. Also a descriptive survey type was used based on the data collection method. The statistical population of this research includes all faculty members of comprehensive universities of Tehran which was 4429 people. The sample was 384 people based on Cochran formula and selected by simple random sampling method. The main tool used for measuring and collecting data.in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. To create the questionnaire, the components were extracted from the literature review and theoretical foundations and the researches carried out in the field. Then, after the modification, they were classified and arranged in a form. Finally, in the first section, in order to identify the current status of the university in terms of internationalization of the curriculum of higher education with 29 items and in the second section, to identify the obstacles to the internationalization of higher education curriculum with 8 grades on a 5-point Likert scale Low, very low, moderate, high, very high), was developed and answered to the professor. In this research, we used SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha test to obtain the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha for the questionnaire, "Identifying the barriers to internationalization of higher education curriculum" was equal to 0/74 and for the questionnaire "Reviewing the current status of curriculum internationalization" was calculated to be 0/76.Due to the fact that reliability is generally more than 0 70, the researcher-made questionnaire has a relatively high reliability. Findings: The Result showed that the “Lack of motivational and incentive factors for professors” with 6/909 T test and with 0/000 Significant was the most important obstacles that this research was Identified and the “Lack of financial support from professors in traveling abroad in line with international research” with 6/718 T test and with 0/000 Significant was second obstacles are Identified. Conclusion: The present status of internationalization of curriculum at the comprehensive universities of Tehran has been studied. Then the barriers were identified and finally solutions were presented. In the following, a comparison between the comprehensive universities of Tehran in relation to the internationalization of the curriculum was carried out and, finally, a comparison was made between the different faculties.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of competency of managerial skills of cultural women in education in Mazandaran province. Methodology: This research was applied and in terms of method, it was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part, the statistical population consisted of experts, professors and senior managers of education and in a small stage, it consisted of all school principals, principals and experts of education departments of Mazandaran province with a number of 1800 people who 317 people were selected by cluster sampling method. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose construct validity was calculated using factor analysis method and the reliability value through Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.94. Findings: at 95% confidence level (= 0.05); Findings showed that the four components of spiritual competence, communication competence, competence to work in a masculine environment and personality competence constitute the indigenous model of managerial competencies of cultural women in Mazandaran province. The dimension of spiritual competence is one of the components of spiritual attitude and spirituality in the work process; The dimension of communication competence of the components of interpersonal communication at the sub-level levels and interpersonal communication at the upper levels; The dimension of work competencies in the male environment consists of components of professional and interpersonal solidarity and showing the scope of communication, and the dimension of personality competencies consists of the components of extraversion and self-construction and coaching (<0.05). Conclusion: Paying attention to the competencies of women cultural management skills in education is one of the most important and necessary issues in the development of advanced and growing societies that if we pay attention to spiritual competencies, communication, working in a masculine environment and personality, can be improved and upgraded.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of human resource management in the relationship Alavi meritocracy and organizational knowledge. Methodoloy: This descriptive-correlational study was applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population consisted of 1050 employees of public, Payam-e-Noor and Islamic Azad universities in eastern Iran in academic year 2018-2019, of whom 275 were selected as a sample size by a multi-stage (cluster) sampling according to Krejcie and Morgan's table. Research instruments included Naghipurfar's (2013) Meritocracy Questionnaire and Knowledge Management Questionnaire, and Martin's (2011) Human Resource Management Questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by formal validity and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha as 0.81. Also, Data were analyzed by correlation tests and structural equations using the SPSS 22 and Amos 20. Findings: Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between organizational knowledge and human resource management with the Alavi meritocracy of the staff (r = 0.61 and r = 0.5, respectively; P <0.01). The results of structural equations also revealed that the effect of organizational knowledge of the staff on Alavi meritocracy was indirectly significant. On the other hand, there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational knowledge and the mediating variable (human resource management) (r = 0.58, P <0.01). Moreover, human resource management directly affected Alavi meritocracy (r = 0.57, P <0.01). Conclusion: Organizational knowledge and human resource management of the staff affect Alavi meritocracy and Alavi meritocracy can be improved by promoting organizational knowledge and human resource management.

Pourpose: The aim of research was to design and test the strategic competencies of managers of Lorestan Province Education Department in the school year 2019-2020. Methodology: It was an applied study in terms of purpose and a mixed-exploratory (qualitative/quantitative) one in regards to the method. The statistical population in Delphi Method consisted of 17 experts familiar with the research topic and were selected by targeted sampling. The statistical population in the quantitative section comprised of all presidents, vice-presidents, and directors of education departments across the province. According to Cochran’s formula 87 subjects were selected by stratified sampling. The research tool included an author-made questionnaire with three dimensions, 9 components and 83 indicators. The validity from the lecturers’ viewpoint and reliability based on Cronbach’s alpha test was 0.92. The Delphi method with Kendall’s coefficient was used to analyze data. Model fitting and validation was made by CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) and structural equations in Spss and PLs Smart. Findings: Data analysis showed that concerning significance of the model aspects, management was prioritized as factor loading (.98), organizational loading (.93), and individual loading (.90) (P<0/001). Based on t amounts, the significance of factor loadings (route coefficients) of the relationships among the components and strategic competencies aspects was above 2.57 which suggested that factor loadings of all components related to the “individual”, “management”, and “organizational” aspects were meaningful in the level of error α =0.01 (P<0.001, t>2.57). Finally, the suggested model of strategic competencies of directors of education department was 0.61 based on Goodness of Fit (GOF) standard, which was more than 0.35. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, the indigenous model of strategic competencies of managers in the education system can be considered significant.

Purpose: The present study aimed to provide a structural model of creative problem solving in the managers of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran based on the decision: evaluation of the mediating role of organizational culture. Methodology: This research was an applied, descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all managers of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in the academic year 1398-1397 that from the mentioned population with a volume of 1300 people, using Krejcie and Morgan table, 297 people were selected by cluster random sampling. The data were collected using the Creative Problem Solving Questionnaire of Basader Managers (1995), Scott and Bruce Decision Making (1995) and Edgarschin (2004) Organizational Culture. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that decision making and organizational culture significantly predict creative problem solving in the managers of Islamic Azad University of Tehran and organizational culture mediates the relationship between decision making and creative problem solving in the managers of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. he does. Conclusion: Decision making and creativity is one of the most central processes in organizations, especially in educational environments and is considered as the main task of managers at all levels.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to "identify the dimensions of leadership effectiveness of Farhangian University campus principals." Methodology: This research was exploratory in terms of applied purpose, in terms of field implementation method and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consisted of full-time and part-time faculty members of Farhangian University campuses in the academic year of 2018-19, who were selected and studied by random sampling of relative classes. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information and exploratory factor analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. Findings: The results indicate the recognition of the dimensions of leadership effectiveness of Farhangian University campus managers in three dimensions: 1. Perceptual (personal) evaluation (others' perception of the leader's credibility and self-assessments; Peers, and superiors inside and outside the organization do training, create indicators of effectiveness), 2. Satisfaction of subordinates (individual) (Satisfaction of members of the organization) and 3. Achievement of organizational goals (relative levels) Achieving the goals of the organization) was in the form of 30 indicators. Conclusion: In order to achieve its goals and aspirations, Farhangian University should constantly evaluate the performance of its campus administrators based on the dimensions of perceptual evaluation, subordinates' satisfaction and achievement of organizational goals, review the processes and change the patterns and structures. Achieves higher effectiveness.