درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: With the spread of environmental issues attention to the responsible environmental behavior of citizens to reduce environmental pollution it has become very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between the public sphere (virtual and non-virtual) and responsible environmental behaviors of citizens. Methodology: The present research method was a quantitative from type of survey. The research population was all the citizens over 18 years old of Tehran city in 2021 year with the number of 6348162 people, which the sample size based on the Cochran's formula was determined 384 people, and in this study due to possible dropouts 400 people were selected as a sample. The samples of this research were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to demographic information form and researcher-made questionnaires of virtual and non-virtual public sphere (32 items) and responsible environmental behaviors (32 items). Data were analyzed with tests of Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression by stepwise method and analysis of variance in SPSS software. Findings: The findings showed that the virtual and non-virtual public sphere had a positive and significant relationship with responsible environmental behaviors of citizens (P<0.001). Also, the virtual and non-virtual public sphere significantly could predict 31% of changes of responsible environmental behaviors of citizens (P<0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference between responsible environmental behaviors of citizens in terms of the type of virtual network and marital status (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in terms of education level (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a significant relationship between virtual and non-virtual public spheres and responsible environmental behaviors of citizens. Therefore, in order to improve the responsible environmental behavior of citizens can be provided the ground for the improvement of the public sphere.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of social isolation and psychological distress in the relationship between belonging and life satisfaction among university students. Methodology: In a correlational design, 200 undergraduate students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad were selected via multi-stage sampling method. Data collection was carried out by measurments, including sense of belonging instrument (Hagerty, & Patusky, 1995), need to belong scale (Kelly,1999), schema questionnaire (Young, 1998), depression, anxiety, stress scale (Lovibond, & Lovibond,1995), psychological distress scale (Kessler et al., 2002) and satisfaction with life scale (Diener, et al., 1985). Data analysis was conducted using pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. Findings: The results indicated that the sense of belonging and the need to belong were related to social isolation. Additionally, the mediating role of social isolation and psychological distress in the relationship between nelonging and life satisfaction was confirmed (P <0.01). The fit indices confirmed the goodness of fit of the stated model. Also, psychological distress was significantly related to life satifaction. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of laying the groundwork for students' life satisfaction, which requires the implentation of effective interventions and programs to strengthen sense of belonging and, followed by the reduction of social isolation and psychological distress. The limitations of this study and the future directions will be discussed.

Purpose: Considering the decreasing age of addiction and the many problems faced by addicts, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings. Method: The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all the junior and senior high school students of one district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years, which number of 310 people of them were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. The tools of the current research were the questionnaires of addiction potential, academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness, which whose psychometric indicators were confirmed in previous researches and in this study. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24 software. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings had a good fit. Also, the variable of academic failure on the hopelessness feelings and bias towards drugs, the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the hopelessness feelings and the variable of hopelessness feelings on the bias towards drugs had a direct and significant effect (P<0.05), but the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the bias towards drugs hadn’t a direct and significant effect (P>0.05). In addition, academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit had an indirect and significant effect on the bias towards drugs with the mediating of hopelessness feelings (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated the effective role of academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating of hopelessness feeling on bias towards drugs. Therefore, the planners and specialists of cultural and educational activities of adolescents in order reduce to bias towards drugs can seek to design and implement programs to reduce academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness feelings.