درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose : The present research was conducted with the aim of comparison of psychomotor skills and social adjustment in elementary students with and without preschool history. Methodology : This research in terms of time was cross-sectional, in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was causal-comparative. The study population was the first to third grade students of Shiraz Kodak Afarin Educational Complex in the academic years of 2019-2020, which according to the Krejcie and Morgan table number of 144 people (90 people with preschool history and 54 people without preschool history) were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. Data were collected by psychomotor skills test (Lincoln Oseretsky, 1950) and adaptive behaviors inventory (Lambert et al, 1974) and analyzed by independent t-test in the SPSS software. Finding : The results showed that elementary students with preschool history in compared to elementary students without preschool history significantly had a more favorable situation in terms of psychomotor skills (and all its components including touching, bending on the toe, harmonious tapping of the foots, standing on one foot, walk backwards and finger skills) and social adjustment (and all its components including violent behavior, antisocial behavior, rebellious behavior, unreliable behavior, avoidance, stereotyped behavior, inappropriate social behaviors, bad voice habits, bad or strange habits, hyperactivity tendency and psychological distress) (P<0.01). Conclusion : The results indicated the effect of preschool on psychomotor skills and social adjustment in elementary students. Therefore, to improve the characteristics of students is necessary to use a preschool education course.

Purpose : Considering the role of professional ethics in the success and effectiveness of other practices, the purpose of this study was determine the share of each of the environmental and organizational components in students' professional ethics. Methodology : The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of quantitative. The research population was faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran province in 2018 year with number 5921 people, which according to the Krejcie and Morgan table number of 365 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instrument was a 31-item researcher-made questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by 12 experts and specialists and content validity index obtained 0.790 and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method for components of environmental 0.881 and organizational 0.943. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and PLS software. Finding : The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that students' professional ethics had two components of environmental (9 items) and organizational (22 items) that the factor load of all items was higher than 0.50. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of students' professional ethics had a good fit and according to the standard coefficients of the paths, the share of environmental and organizational components in students' professional ethics was 0.250 and 0.327, respectively. Conclusion : Considering the share of environmental and organizational components in students' professional ethics, planning is necessary to improve their professional ethics through both environmental and organizational components and the indicators of each of them.

Purpose: Regarded to the importance of professors' effectiveness, the purpose of this study was structural modeling of the impact of entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment on professors' effectiveness with the mediating role of satisfaction from organizational climate among professors of Islamic Azad University of Urmia Branch. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of quantitative. The research population was the professors of the Islamic Azad University of Urmia Branch in the 2020-21 academic years, which based on the Cochran's formula the sample size was estimated 227 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method according to different colleges. The research instruments of the present study were the Questionnaires of entrepreneurial thinking (Scarborough & Zimmerer, 1990), professional commitment (Allen & Meyer, 1990), professors' effectiveness (Salimi & Ramezani, 2014) and satisfaction from organizational climate (Bontis, 1998). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-21 and SmartPLS-2 software. Findings: The results showed that entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment had a positive and direct effect on satisfaction from organizational climate and professors' effectiveness and satisfaction from organizational climate had a positive and direct effect on professors' effectiveness. Also, entrepreneurial thinking and professional commitment had a positive and indirect effect on the professors' effectiveness with the mediating role of satisfaction from organizational climate (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of this research, to improve the professors' effectiveness can be used by promoting entrepreneurial thinking, professional commitment and satisfaction from organizational climate.