حجت صفارحیدری

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of attention to the environmental crisis issue in elementary school textbooks. The method is Shannon entropy. The unit of analysis contains texts, activities, and images that 3961 pages were totally reviewed. The statistical population consisted of elementary school books and all of them were selected as samples. The components and indicators of the environmental crisis were extracted from documents and earlier sources and checked out in the books. The research content validity was obtained using CVR which was 0.90 and confirmed, and the reliability was 0.98 based on the agreement coefficient. Findings have shown that in elementary books, a total of 68 cases were referred to the environmental crisis; 19 cases were related to the soil crisis, 18 cases were related to water, 18 of them were related to noise crisis and 13 subjects were related to air crisis. Also, the highest coefficient of importance was related to the soil crisis component (0.411) and the lowest coefficient of importance was related to the air crisis component (0.204). Among the textbooks; science books dealt with the environmental crisis more than any other book. In the next place were the Farsi books (reading) and finally the social studies books. No other cases for the attention to the environmental crisis were observed in the other elementary school textbooks.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents. Methodology: This was an applied research in terms of purpose and was a sequential exploratory mixed study in terms of data collection. Data collection tools in the qualitative phase were the analysis of the content of high-level documents (Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE), National Curriculum, Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country, and 20-Year Perspective Document for Iran) to extract the components. In order to ensure the validity of the content analysis checklist, content and face validity method and expert opinion were used. The data in qualitative phase were analyzed through three open, axial and selective coding methods. The findings included 69 symbols in the open coding, where they were classified in the form of 4 concepts including recruitment, teacher education, teacher retention & promotion and evaluation in the axial coding. In the selective coding stage, a standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents was developed. The research instrument in the quantitative phase was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative results of the research. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of education. Confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity were used to evaluate the construct validity, and hybrid reliability was used to evaluate the construct reliability. As well as, in the quantitative phase of research, structural equations under Smart PLS software were used to evaluate the standard model of teachers' professional competence. Findings: According to the results of t-statistic, all factor loadings were significant at 99% confidence level and played a significant role in developing the standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents of Education. Conclusion: The proposed model enjoyed an appropriate quality and was approved. Managers, teachers, and administrators in the education of teachers can employ the symbols, concepts, and categories identified in this study in their future planning to shape the teachers' professional competence.