perfectionism

The learners’ identity is one of the most important key elements of learning to motivate learners to learn English. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the male and female EFL learners’ motivation and their identity with a focus on gender. The study had a descriptive correlational design. The participants of this study were 50 Iranian male and 50 female postgraduate English majors, aged between 23 and 41, who were selected through convenient sampling. Three questionnaires of motivation, hardiness, and perfectionism were distributed among the participants. The results of Pearson correlation analyses demonstrated that there was not a significant relationship between EFL learners’ motivation and their hardiness in both genders. Also, the results showed no significant relationship between EFL learners’ motivation and their perfectionism in the two groups. Moreover, the results of independent-sample t-tests failed to find any significant difference between male and female students’ motivation and their hardiness and perfectionism. 

The study aims at investigating the influence of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ perfectionism and anxiety on their Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in EFL classes. To do so, a set of questionnaires, namely “Willingness To Communicate” (MacIntyre et al., 2001), “Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety” (Horwitz et al., 1986) and “Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales” (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) were distributed among 120 (50 males and 70 females) Iranian EFL university students. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to indicate the extent to which each independent variable (perfectionism and anxiety) could predict the dependent variable (WTC). The results showed that both EFL     students’ anxiety (B=-.586, p<.0.05) and their perfectionism (B=-.224, P<.0.05), had a significantly negative influence on their WTC in language classes. These two independent variables could explain .456 percent of the variance in the dependent variable (WTC).  The results of the study were discussed and the implications were made.

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between three main characteristics of teachers; namely, perfectionism, leadership and empowerment, amongst Iranian English and math teachers. To do so, two groups of teachers were selected to participate in this study. One consisted of 177 math teachers and the other comprised 200 English teachers. All were teaching in Khorasan Razavi province, both in high schools and institutes. In order to collect the necessary data, three instruments (i.e. the Almost Perfect Scale–revised Questionnaire, School Participant Empowerment Questionnaire, and Leadership Practice Inventory) were employed. Having analyzed the data, the researchers found that the correlation among all the three variables were statistically significant for both math and English teachers. However, there was a statistically significant difference between math and English teachers regarding their leadership and empowerment, while no statistically significant difference was found between math and English teachers concerning their perfectionism.

The present study attempted to investigate the relationship between English language teacher perfectionism, teacher burnout, and teacher efficacy. For the purpose of the study, 114 teachers in Tabadkan District, Mashhad, were chosen. Eighty-Three of the participants were female and thirty-one were male with different majors in English language. Three questionnaires, namely the Scale on English Language Teacher Perfectionism (SELTP), Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Teacher Efficacy Scale, were used to collect data on the variables under investigation. The data were analyzed using correlational statistics and t test procedure. The obtained results indicated that there was a high positive correlation between perfectionism, teacher burnout, and efficacy, that female teachers were more efficacious than male ones, and that the magnitude of correlation coefficients was higher for the male participants.

Background: According to the perspective of organizational and industrial psychology, occurrence of burnout among employees of the organization is a controllable and preventable phenomenon. In education as broad organization, this issue is more important. This study tries to consider the role of perfectionism and ethical intelligence in predicting job burnout in elementary teachers in Shirvan province. Method: In terms of purpose, this is an applied research and in terms of nature, this is a descriptive- correlation study. Population of the study includes all elementary teachers in Shirvan province in 2016-2017. Sample of study consists of 250 teachers that were selected through simple sampling. Data were gathered by questionnaires: ethical intelligence, scale of perfectionism and Burnout questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Regression equation show that prediction of burnout based on ethical intelligence is significant (p<0.001). Also, in regression equation, prediction of job burnout based on perfectionism was significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Components of perfectionism and ethical intelligence are in relationship with job burnout in teachers.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between personality traits and perfectionism in students. Methodology: The present study was descriptive in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it was a descriptive correlational design and a path analysis method. The statistical population of the study was all students of Azad University of Science and Research Branch in the academic year 2018-19. The sample consisted of 300 students who were selected by cluster random sampling. Research instruments included Perfectionism Scale Frost (1993), Differentiation Scale Skowron and Friedlander (1998) and Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire Costa and McCreary (1985). Data analysis was done by path analysis and Sobel test at the significant level of 0.05. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that despite the indirect effect of agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness on perfectionism was confirmed by differentiation. On the one hand, differentiation was influenced by personality traits on the one hand and had a significant effect on perfectionism on the other hand (P <0.005). Conclusion: Given that high perfectionism plays a significant part in the development and persistence of individual problems, it can be acknowledged that personality traits influence perfectionism by considering the mediating role of differentiation.

Individual differences in personality traits can influence students' ability to learn a new language. Among the important personality traits, perfectionism has recently been the topic of investigation in second language acquisition research. Following this line of research, the current study aims at examining a path model linking dimensions of perfectionism to second language (L2) listening comprehension through mediating effects of subscales of self-efficacy along with the use of metacognitive listening strategy (MLS). A sample of 230 English as a foreign language (EFL) participants majoring in Translation studies and English Literature completed the perfectionism, general self-efficacy, and MLS questionnaires and took an IELTS listening comprehension test. The sample included 112 juniors (48.7 %), and 118 seniors (51.3 %) selected through convenience nonrandom sampling. Cluster analysis was used to identify three perfectionistic clusters: adaptive, maladaptive, and non-perfectionists. The results of a path analysis revealed that perfectionism and MLS use were the most significant variables in the proposed conceptual model. While correlational analyses in this study revealed significant relationships among self-efficacy components and listening comprehension, the overall total effects were not significant. Adaptive perfectionism significantly contributed to the MLS use and listening ability (LA). Perfectionism also contributed significantly to the effort and persistence self-efficacy components. In contrast, perfectionism did not significantly influence the initiative self-efficacy subscale. Implications of this study are discussed.

Given the importance of assessment in language education, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of interventionist and interactionist Dynamic Assessment (DA) on Iranian EFL learners’ perfectionism, willingness to communicate (WTC) and foreign language anxiety (FLA). The participants of the study were 166 pre-intermediate female and male learners at two public schools and one private language institute in Karaj. The participants were divided into three experimental groups and were given three separate questionnaires to measure their perfectionism, WTC, and FLA before the treatment sessions. During 14 sessions, groups A and B received instruction using interactionist DA and interventionist DA, respectively. Group C was instructed conventionally as the control group. At the end of the treatment sessions, they were given the same three questionnaires as the post test. The collected data were analysed using one-way ANCOVA. The results showed no significant differences among the two approaches of dynamic assessment and the control group in terms of their effect on learners’ perfectionism and willingness to communicate. Although there was no significant difference between the interventionist and interactionist models of DA, they were both significantly more effective than the control group on learners’ FLA. The findings suggested that dynamic assessment could reduce learners’ anxiety in language learning and lead to an effective teaching and learning process. These findings can have implications for teachers, students, and material developers.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and narcissism with psychosocial adaptation in elite and non-elite athletes. A total of 200 elite and non-elite athletes (20-30 years old) who participated in the tournament of 2020 in Tabriz were randomly selected and completed the questionnaire of Sport Perfectionism - 2nd Dun et al. (2009 and 2010), Ruskin and Terry narcissism and Bell Social Adaptation Inventory. To analyze the results, Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used. The results showed that in elite athletes group, there was a positive correlation between positive perfectionism (organizational and personal criteria) and psychological social adjustment, and between negative perfectionism (doubts about actions, perceived pressure of parents and perceived pressure of instructor) and narcissism with negative psychological social adjustment and both positive and negative perfectionism and narcissism variables could significantly predict social adjustment in elite athletes (P <0.05). In non-elite group between positive components of perfectionism, only the organizational component has a negative correlation with psychological social adjustment and the correlation between negative and narcissistic perfectionism components with positive social adjustment is positive. Among the components of perfectionism, the only negative components (too much importance by mistake, parental perception and perceived stress of the mentor) and the narcissistic variable have been able positively to predict psychosocial compatibility (P <0.05). Psychological social adjustment in athletes is one of the key variables in the professional and personal life of athletes, which is influenced by features such as perfectionism and narcissism.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : New spiritualities (New Age) have a special and new view on the human and its place in the universe, leading to certain anthropology bases. Among these bases is perfectionism (spiritual and biological). Both Chopra and Mulla Sadra have discussed various issues on spiritual perfectionism. According to Mulla Sadra’s views, this research seeks to answer the question: What are the objections to Deepak Chopra’s spiritual perfectionism? METHOD AND FINDING : The method is theoretical and it is library research. The study finding is presented under the titles the nature of spiritual perfection, end of spiritual perfection, ways, and obstacles of spiritual perfection. All these titles are explained according to Chopra, and Mulla Sadra separately, and in a comparative way finally. CONCLUSION : The result of the study and analysis of Chopra and Mulla Sadra’s views, based on their works, is that although there are similarities between their views, Sadra’s perfectionism is in the direction of attainment of Almighty God. All the ways and obstacles of perfection discussed by him will help the wayfarer in his wayfaring. In contrast, Chopra’s perfection is not completely divine and is more biological and looks mainly for inner calmness and solving worldly human problems.

Background: The Coronavirus not only affects physical health, but the outbreak of this virus can also have devastating psychological effects. To treat and diagnose, these impacts should be identified. This study aimed to investigate the role of Perfectionism and Self-compassion in predicting Coronavirus anxiety. Method: The sample consisted of 292 participants who responded online to the Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory, the Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HF-MPS), and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Data were analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results have shown that the dimensions of perfectionism, and Self-compassion, predict Coronavirus anxiety (P <0.001). Also, Mindfulness and Common humanity, from Self-compassion components, could predict Coronavirus anxiety significantly (P <0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that Perfectionism is effective in exacerbating Coronavirus anxiety, and Self-compassion is effective in modulating it. These variables can play an important role in general health policies, the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Coronavirus anxiety.

The present study aims to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity based on attachment and perfectionism styles. The research method was correlational-descriptive and the statistical population was all married students of Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch. A sample of 369 students was selected by convenience sampling method. Adult Attachment Questionnaire, The Perfectionism Questionnaire and Attitude to Marital Infidelity Questionnaire were used to collect data. The research hypotheses were examined through Pearson correlation test and multiple regression and found that a significant correlation exists between marital infidelity with ambivalent attachment style (0.450), avoidant attachment style (0.348), safe style (-0.519), positive perfectionism (-0.403) and negative perfectionism (0.433). In addition, the multiple regression model indicated that attachment and perfectionism styles could accurately predict 34% and 25% of the variance of marital infidelity, respectively. The results indicated that creating a secure attachment style and positive perfectionism in individuals is related to reducing marital infidelity and consequently increasing family stability

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and competitive anxiety of group and individual athletes.For this purpose,400 group and individual athletes who according to the coaches were or are able to participate in competitions were selected by stratified random sampling and the demographic characteristics questionnaire,perfectionism scale in the athlete Dan et al correlation results showed that in group athletes there was a positive and significant correlation between excessive worry about mistakes with competitive anxiety (r = 0.19),a positive and significant correlation between perceived coach pressure and competitive anxiety (= 0.24). r)and there is a positive and significant correlation between perfectionism and competitive anxiety (r = 0.26).But there was nosignificant correlation between personal standards and perceived parental pressure with competitive anxiety. Also,the correlation results showed that in individual athletes, there was a positive correlation between personal standards and competitive anxiety (r = 0.22),between excessive concern about Mistakes with competitive anxiety positive and significant correlation (r = 0.17),positive and significant correlation between perceived coach pressure with competitive anxiety (r=0.205) and positive and significant correlation between perfectionism with competitive anxiety (21 /0 = r) exists. But there was no significant correlation between perceived parental pressure and competitive anxiety.

Football withdrawal has always created many psychological problems for players and it has had destructive effects on their health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perfectionism on the reduction stress and athletic burnout in football players. The statistical population of this study included all football players at youth level in Guilan, Iran. 378 players were selected as a sample size through random sampling method. A combination of valid and reliable standard questionnaires was distributed to collect the research data. Research hypotheses were analyzed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression. The SPSS software (version 24) was used for data analysis (α≤0.05). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between athletic burnout and positive perfectionism (-0.622), negative perfectionism (0.555), problem-oriented strategy (-0.358), and emotion-oriented strategy (0.401). According the results of this study, developing efficient plans with focusing on the psychological variables of perfectionism, stress, and athletic burnout can improve the coaches’ awareness of coaching behaviors as well as increasing athletes’ optimal mental performance and efficiency.

The present study, employing a library-based data collection and adopting a descriptive-analytical research method, examined the perfectionist approach of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, approved in 1979, to the pure life of the citizen. In this regard, the first part of the article analyzed the concepts of perfectionism and neutrality of the state and evaluated the justifications for each of them. In the second part, the preamble and text of the Constitution will be subjected to a legal scrutiny. The findings of the article confirm that the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken steps to respond to the historical demands of the Iranian nation, Islamization of the society, exaltation of moral virtues, and revival of traditions and religious education of the citizen. This fundamental document does not accept the neutrality of the state towards the conception of the good and in a perfectionist approach, while acknowledging the key responsibility of the state in exalting moral virtues and fighting against all manifestations of corruption, has identified such idealist concepts and institutions as “Amr be Maruf” (command to do good) and “Nahy az Monkar” (command to avoid evil) and “Velayat-e Faqih” (guardianship of the Islamic jurist).